Professional Research Alchemist Inc

Specifically, it says that the existence dad et of the termination plan (I. E. The communication date) occurs when the following critic aria have been met and communicated to employees: (1) management have committed to the term nomination plan, (2) the plan identifies which employees will be terminated and the expected com lotion date, (3) the plan establishes the benefits arrangement in sufficient detail, and (4) it is unlike Ely that the plan will be withdrawn.In this case, termination plans exist for Plant A and B noon management employees on August 15, 2004 because on this date, each termination plan (1 ) has been approved by the board, (2) identifies the employees to be terminated, (3) identifies the b infinite paid per employee, and (4) is unlikely to change. In other words, August 1 5, 2004 is the communication date for the management termination plans for both Plant A and Plant B.FAST ASS 42010258 then indicates that if employees will not be retained to r ender service beyond the minimum retention period (I. E. The legal notification period d), then a liability for the termination benefits shall be recognized at the communication date. I n accordance with 42010305, this liability should be measured at its fair value at the communicate ion date.Thus, the termination benefits for Plant A management employees, who will not be retained past the day notification period, should be recorded as a liability on August 15, 2 004, measured at the fair value of the benefits as of August 15 Using the example from FAST ASS 42010553, We find that we can multiply the $5,000 per employee by the number Of term anted employees who are expected to remain at the termination date in order to estimate fair v alee.The expected transaction could be as follows: Termination Benefit Loss Termination Benefit Liability FAST ASS 42010259 States that if employees are required to provide service u until they are terminated in order to receive termination benefits and will be retain De t o provide service beyond the minimum retention period, then a liability for the terminate ion benefits should e measured at the communication date. According to FAST ASS 42010306, t his liability should be measured based on the fair value of the liability as of the terminate on date and should be recognized ratable over the future service period.This applies to the term nation plan at Plant B, where management desires to retain the management employees past the day notification period. Thus, Alchemist should measure a liability for the Plant B management termination benefits on August 15, 2004 and this liability will be measured at TTS fair value as of December 30, 2004 (the termination date). Using the example in FAST ASS 42010555, we find that the fair value of the liability for the termination plan at Plant B can b e found by using an expected present value technique.Furthermore, the liability should be recognized ratable by Alchemist in each month during the future service perio d (the daddy period ended 12/30/2004). Now that we have addressed the termination benefits to management e employees, we need to address the severance benefits to management employees at Plant A and B. For the severance benefits paid to management, FAST ASS 71210052 indicates that the benefits fall under the â€Å"contractual termination benefits† literature because the benefits a re required if a specified event, such as a plant closing, causes employees to be involuntarily t ruminated.FAST ASS 71210252 then indicates that an employer who provides contractual term nomination benefits should recognize a liability and a loss when it is probable that employees will be entitled to benefits and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In this case, It is probe blew that the liability has been incurred on August 15, 2004 because the termination Of the plant m management is almost retain and the board has stated that the severance benefits will be provided. In addition, the loss can be reasonably estimated because the benefits are outlined by the employ e benefit website.Thus, Alchemist should recognize a loss and a liability for the management Severna CE benefits on August 15, 2004. In accordance with FAST ASS 71210252, the liability and loss shall include the amount of any lumps payments and the present value of any e expected future payments. The general transaction is shown below: Severance Benefit Loss Severance Benefit Liability Early Termination of the Lease We were then asked to address the appropriate accounting treatment for the early termination of the lease.FAST ASS 42010251 1 indicates that costs to terminate e an operating lease can include costs that will continue to be incurred under the lease control act when there is no economic benefit to the entity of the lease. This applies in the case of Alchemy SST, who is terminating the use of the plant, but is unable to cancel the operating lease. F CAB ASS 42010308 then states that a liability for th ese incalculable operating lease co SST should be recognized at the causes date.Furthermore, FAST ASS 42010308 and 4201 309 indicate that the fair value of the liability at the causes date should be deter mined based on the remaining lease rental payments, adjusted for any prepaid or deferred items, and reduced by estimated sublease rental payments that could be reasonably obtained (whet her or not the entity enters the sublease). For Alchemist, the causes date is December 30, 2004. Thus, on December 30, 2004, Alchemist would recognize a liability equal to the fair value e of the remaining lease payments ($4 million per year) reduced by the estimated subs ease payments ($1 million per year) as of December 30th.The transaction would be as follows: Rental Expense Rental Liability Other Costs (Plant Security Cost) Lastly, we were asked to address the appropriate accounting treatment for the e security costs associated with protecting plant B premises. FAST ASS 420102514 and 4 20102515 give us a guideline for the recognition of other costs (e. G. Plant security costs) associated with an exit or disposal activity. Since Alchemist anticipates hiring plant securities fate r plant Bi's termination, the estimation of the cost is regarded as a liability and should be recognized in the period when the guarding service is received.In addition, FAST ASS 4201030 10 indicates that such liability shall be measured at its fair value in the period it is incurred . That is, Alchemist should recognized the incremental cost of $1 after December ere 30, 2014 when the plant B is closed. Disclosure As stated in FAST ASS 42010501, all events related to exit or disposal activities shall be disclosed in notes to financial statements. Therefore, the amount expected to be incurred in connection with employee termination benefits, contract termination costs, a ND other associated costs should be disclosed accordingly.To be more specific, the total amount e expected to be incurred, the amou nt incurred in this period, and the cumulative amount incur red to date associated with contractual termination benefits, the operating lease costs, as well as the plan t securities cost, should be disclosed in notes to financial statements. Literature Appendix: Employee Termination Literature 420 Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations 10 overall General 42010051 The Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations Topic addresses financial accounting an reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities.An exit activity in eludes but is not limited to a restructuring 42010052 Those costs include, but are not limited to, the following: a. Involuntary employee termination benefits pursuant to a onetime benefit arrangement that, in substance, is not an ongoing benefit arrangement or an individual deferred compensation contract b. Costs to terminate a contract that is not a capital lease c. Other associated costs, including costs to consolidate or close facilities and relocate employees. Tran sactions 42010153 The guidance in the Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations Topic applies to the following transactions and activities: a.Termination benefits provided to current employees that are involuntarily terminated under the terms of a benefit arrangement that, in substance, is not an ongoing been fit arrangement or an individual deferred compensation contract (referred to as onetime employee termination benefits b. Costs to terminate a contract that is not a capital lease (see paragraphs 420102511 through 251 3 for further description of contract termination costs and paragraph 84030401 for terminations of a capital lease) c. Costs to consolidate facilities or relocate employees d.Costs associated with a disposal activity covered by Subtopic 20520 . Costs associated with an exit activity, including exit activities associated wit h an entity newly acquired in a business combination or an acquisition by a interoffice entity OneTime Employee Termination Benefits 42010254 An arrang ement for onetime employee termination benefits exists at the date the plan of termination meets all Of the following criteria and has been com enunciated to employees (referred to as the communication date a. Management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan n of termination.

The History Of The Curriculum Theory Education Essay

You have been assigned to a low-performing in-between school campus. Your overseer has requested that you make alterations in the school course of study to increase pupil accomplishment. Describe your program of action to increase pupil accomplishment degrees at this in-between school. Describe and discourse how the informal and concealed course of study impact and alter the formal course of study? Provide specific illustrations. Include parental outlooks and prohibitions as portion of the informal course of study. What constructs about course of study are present in the heads of pedagogues in a school with which you are familiar? Historically, instruction has played a major function in determining the lives of all persons. Curriculum theory has continually evolved and, there has ever been a conflict to better and spread out the course of study. Several inquiries that plague pedagogues today are â€Å" Which course of study should we follow? † and â€Å" What cognition is of most deserving? † . There are a battalion of course of study theories that help pedagogues understand the construct of pupil acquisition and accomplishment. This chapter is an effort to expose pedagogues to the diverse course of study theories that influence today ‘s educational system.What is course of study?From a historical position, course of study is any papers or program that exists in a school or school system that defines the work of instructors. This program guides pedagogues in placing the content of the stuff to be taught. Many work programs may dwell of text editions, resource stuffs, or range and sequence c harts. â€Å" The intent of a course of study is non to abandon organisational boundaries but to enable the organisation to map within those boundaries more efficaciously and, over clip more expeditiously † ( English and Larson, 1996 ) . â€Å" A course of study can carry through these ends by: ( 1 ) clear uping organisational boundaries ; ( 2 ) specifying the nature of the work to be done ; ( 3 ) associating the major undertakings to be accomplished to one another within the entire work procedure or work flow ( coordination ) ; ( 4 ) shaping criterions by which work is to be measured or assessed ; ( 5 ) specifying rating processs by which work consequences can be compared to work performed ; ( 6 ) devising alterations in the work performed through feedback ; and ( 7 ) reiterating the above stairss in order to accomplish a higher degree of work public presentation on a consistent footing † ( English and Larson, p.24 ) . There are at least three different types of course of study in schools: formal course of study, informal course of study, and concealed course of study The formal course of study normally appears in province ordinances, course of study ushers, or officially sanctioned range and sequence charts. The formal course of study is what will be found in instructor ‘s lesson programs. The informal course of study represents the unofficial facets of planing or presenting the course of study. This type of course of study involves the subtle but of import personality traits that a instructor interacts with the kid – positively or negatively. Informal course of study contains those things that we teach that are unplanned and self-generated. The concealed course of study is non recognized at schools. It deals with outlooks and premises. These are instructions, which are presented to pupils but are non consciously received by them. Hidden course of study can be destructive, negative and insurgent, or it can be constructive, desirable and positive. Tanner describes this as the collateral course of study. Tanner stresses that collateral acquisition is in the manner of formation of digesting attitudes, of likes and disfavors, may be and frequently more of import that the spelling lesson in geographics or history that is learned ( Tanner,1995 ) .Curriculum Alignment TheoryCurriculum alliance is an of import scheme necessary to heighten academic accomplishment degrees of all pupils. Because of high bets proving, pupils need to be prepared to go through province tests. Fenwick English, a prima advocate of course of study alliance, maintains that there is an interrelatedness between the tried course of study, taught course of study and written course of study. When all three are working together, the relationship is called â€Å" tight † . In order to bring forth optimal educational consequences, stairss must be taken to aline the written course of study ( found in text editions, course of study ushers and supports resources ) , the taught course of study ( instructors ‘ lesson programs ) and the tested co urse of study ( TAAS, ITBS, SAT, etc. ) Fenwick English describes course of study as a papers of some kind, and its intent is to concentrate and link the work of schoolroom instructors in schools ( 1992 ) . School territories tend to buy text editions that are normally non aligned to the course of study or province trials. This presents a job. Focus and connectivity are lost. Curriculum articulation ( Vertical Teaming ) refers to the focal point and perpendicular connectivity in a school or school system. Several design and bringing issues originate associating to curriculum articulation. In design, instructors must specify in the work program the needed degrees of focus/connectivity desired to optimise pupil public presentation vertically. In bringing, plan monitoring is indispensable to guarantee design unity vertically ( English, 1992 ) . Last, if what is tested is non being taught nor addressed in stuffs used by pupils, trial tonss and related educational results will non make the outlooks of the pupils, instructors, decision makers, parents, and the populace. In an epoch of answerability, course of study alliance offers pupils an chance to go successful. In Allan Glatthorn ‘s book The Principal as Curriculum Leader, he presents a six- measure course of study procedure that aids in alliance: ( 1 ) Plan the undertaking. A commission should be appointed to supervise the undertaking. The commission members must be trained in the alignment procedure. ( 2 ) Focus the course of study. The course of study should concentrate on the territory ‘s aims. ( 3 ) Analyze the trials. Grade degree squads should analyse trial informations. This scheme would let instructors to bespeak which of the command aims are more likely to be tested. ( 4 ) Analyze the text. Teachers should analyse where the command aims are explained in the text. ( 5 ) Measure the consequences. The commission should reexamine and discourse all the consequences, observing countries needed to be improved. ( 6 ) Use the consequences. Complete alliance charts. Teachers should utilize the command objectives to develop annually and unit programs that guarantee equal interven tion of all aims. Aims tested should hold precedence and objectives non tested should hold 2nd precedence ( Glatthorn, 1997 ) . Quality Control in Curriculum Quality control refers to a uninterrupted procedure or organisational autonomy and development that addition organisational effectivity. Three cardinal ingredients that must be present are 1 ) a work criterion, 2 ) work appraisal, and 3 ) activity. As all these elements become congruent, work public presentation in an organisation in improved. Multiple Intelligence Theory Howard Gardner has created the theory of Multiple Intelligences. He maintains that most school systems frequently focus on a narrow scope of intelligence that involves chiefly verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical accomplishments. While cognition and accomplishments in these countries are indispensable for lasting and booming in the universe, he suggests that there are at least six other sorts of intelligence that are of import to fuller human development and that about everyone has available to develop. They include, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, naturalist and intra-personal intelligence. Gardner believes that the eight intelligences he has identified are independent, in that they develop at different times and to different grades in different persons. They are, nevertheless, closely related, and many instructors and parents are happening that when an single becomes more adept in one country, the whole configuration of intelligence may be enhanced . The undermentioned philosophic theories examine course of study from a wide position that includes all of the scholar ‘s experiences to the more restricted position that sees it as academic capable affair. ( 1 ) Idealist Curriculum Theory – This theory was prevailing during the yearss of Plato. Idealists viewed course of study as a organic structure of rational capable affair and learned subjects that are conceptional and conceptual. Mathematics, history and literature for case were ranked really high. The overruling end of Idealist instruction was to promote pupils to be searchers of truth. ( 2 ) Realist Curriculum Theory – Aristotle founded Realism. Realist course of study maintains that the most effectual and efficient manner to happen out about world is to analyze it through consistently organized capable affair subjects. Realist course of study involves direction in the countries of reading, authorship, and calculation. Deriving cognition through research met hods are stressed. ( 3 ) Naturalist Curriculum Theory – The Naturalists position of course of study differed from the earlier theoreticians. Learning should actively affect kids in covering with the environment, utilizing their senses, and work outing jobs. Naturalists maintained that echt instruction is based on the preparedness and demands of the human being. ( 4 ) Pragmatic ( Experiential ) Curriculum Theory- This course of study theory attacks larning through sing. The kid ‘s involvements, demands and experiences are taken into consideration. ( 5 ) Existentialist Curriculum Theory – The course of study includes the accomplishments and topics that explain physical and societal world. â€Å" The important acquisition stage is non in the construction of cognition, nor in curricular organisation but instead in the pupil ‘s building of its significance ( Gutek, 120 ) † . ( 6 ) Conservatism Curriculum Theory – The course of study should convey the general civilization to all and supply appropriate instruction to the assorted strata in society. This course of study included the basic accomplishments found in most school plans – reading, authorship, and math.Personal Practical KnowledgeIn his work, Personal Knowledge, Michael Polanyi demonstrates that the scientist ‘s personal engagement in the prod uction of cognition is an indispensable portion of the scientific discipline itself. â€Å" Even the exact scientific disciplines, â€Å" knowing is an art, of which the accomplishment of the apprehender, guided by his personal committedness and his passionate sense of increasing contact with world, is a logically necessary portion † . Polanyi describes, â€Å" cognizing † in the art of siting a motorcycle. In this description he states that the rule by which the bicycler keeps his balance is known, but the cognition is in the â€Å" making † . Key Concepts Accountability – This term refers to keeping schools and instructors responsible for what pupils learn. Content- A word used to place the course of study and divide it from school direction. Criterion-Referenced Test – Measures of public presentation compared to predetermined criterions or aims. Core/Fused Curriculum – Integration of the two or more topics ; for illustration, English and societal surveies. Problem and subject orientations frequently serve as the integration design. Curriculum -Curriculum is any papers or program that exists in a school or school system that defines the work of instructors. Curriculum Alignment – A connectivity between what is tested, taught and written. Curriculum Compacting – Content development and bringing theoretical accounts that abbreviated the sum of clip to cover a subject without compromising the deepness and comprehensiveness of stuff taught. Curriculum Development – A procedure whereby picks in planing a learning experience for pupils are made and activated through a set of co-ordinated activities. Curriculum Guide – A written statement of aims, content, and activities to be used with a peculiar topic at specified class degrees ; normally produced by province sections or local educational bureaus. Curriculum Management Planning – A systematic method of be aftering for alteration. Formative Evaluation – Student accomplishment is monitored throughout the school twelvemonth. This will be done through pupil /teacher conferences, departmental meetings, curriculum manager monitoring and conferences. Feedback and suggestions for betterment will be considered. Knowing in Action – This construct refers to the kinds of know-how we reveal in our intelligent action. By detecting and reflecting in our actions, we make cognizing in action implicit. We reveal it in a self-generated mode ; and we are unable to set it in words ( Schon, p. 25, 1987 ) . Performance Objective – Targeted outcome steps for measuring the acquisition of peculiar procedure based accomplishments and cognition. Sequence – The organisation of an country of survey. Frequently, the organisation is chronological, traveling from simple to complex. Staff Development – Body of activities designed to better the proficiencies of the pedagogue practician. Subject-Content – The type of course of study that stresses the command of capable affair, with all other results considered subordinate. Summational Evaluation – Teachers and pupils will reflect on the course of study procedure. Met and unmet ends and aims will be discussed at length. Improvements and polishs will be based on the summational rating Tacit Knowledge – Tacit cognition is â€Å" cognizing in action † . To go adept in the usage of this tool is to larn to appreciate, straight and without immediate logical thinking, the qualities of the stuff that we apprehend through the silent esthesis of the tool in our manus ( Schon, p. 25, 1987 ) . Curriculum Websites – The undermentioned sites provide information on course of study and the course of study alliance procedure.

Accrual Basis over Cash Basis Accounting Essay

There are two accounting methods that companies use to report revenues and expenses. The two methods are the accrual basis and cash basis. The difference in the accounting processes will fundamentally change the way the organization reports its cash, so a decision must be made prior to recording any transactions. Accrual Basis Accounting Accrual basis accounting is the method accepted by commercial accounting and the general accepted accounting principles. â€Å"Accrual-basis accounting means that transactions that change a company’s financial statements are recorded in the periods in which the event occur, even if the cash was not exchanged.† (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2009) This accounting method follows both the revenue recognition principle, by reporting the revenue when it is earned and the matching principle by reporting the expense when it is incurred. â€Å"Recording revenue before the money has come in can potentially misrepresent a firm’s financial results, allowing a company to show sales that may never actually be paid for (say, because of financial problems with the buyer).† (Cash Basis Vs. Accrual Basis Accounting, 2002) Accountants choose the accrual method of accounting over the cash basis because it more accurately represents the company’s finances. Cash Basis Accounting Cash basis accounting is the other method of reporting revenues and expenses. When using cash basis accounting, â€Å"companies record revenue only when cash is received. They record expense only when cash is paid.† (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2009) This method does not follow the revenue recognition principle or the matching principle, therefore, is not a generally accepted accounting principle for large corporations. â€Å"The IRS altered its position in 2000, allowing taxpayers who have gross receipts of $1 million or less to use the cash method (Rev. Proc. 2000-22).† (Gilmore & Miller, 2003) This change allows for small businesses to use the cash basis method, so they are only paying taxes on income received. The cash basis accounting method benefits small businesses and individuals but is not an ideal choice for large corporations. A company must decide what accounting process is more beneficial prior to recording any transactions as this  affects the way they record the information. The accrual basis method records the revenue and expenses when they occur, and the cash basis method records revenue only when cash is received and expenses only when paid. The cash reporting method tends to misrepresent an organization’s financial performance by reporting expenses prior to receiving payment for the service. The accrual basis accounting method reports financial transactions more accurately and, therefore, is the most appropriate choice for large businesses.

Canadian Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian Movies - Essay Example Anyhow the fact that American films dominate the film industry in Canada, the homeland films is yet visible in the Quebec, where all cultural industries receive special protection. The audiences in Quebec have always liked the Canadian movies. As per the statistics, 2006e, French speaking Quebecers watch more TV than the other language Quebecers or rest of Canada. Francophone viewers spent more than 65.2% watching Canadian programs while Anglophone viewers spent more 72.2% watching foreign programs.2 Outside Quebec, its altogether a different story as mentioned above, Canadian filmmakers are unknown to the world, except those who have received acclaim outside Canada. It is because of this the attempts are on to make the audiences aware of the Canadian film industry by way of showcasing the movies in the school gyms and auditoriums, with big screens and sounds.3 It was surprising to note that most of the people didn't want to see the Canadian movies, because they are low budget and no t like a Hollywood blockbuster. In most years, the top-grossing Canadian film is a French-language film from Quebec. French-Canadian films, on the other hand, are often more successful, as with French-language television, the language difference makes Quebec audiences much more receptive to Canadian-produced film. The audiences in Toronto are more likely inclined towards the Hollywood produced movies. Most of the people don't even know the names of the movies that have grossed huge revenue at the box office.4 It is evident from the above fact that the American films have much larger impact on the people in Canada, except Quebec where in, Canadian movies are played in the theatre, being the main centre of Canadian Film Industry. Role on National Film Board The National Film Board has defined a list of primary and secondary goals to fulfill in order to meet its mandate, as well as a set of related activities that can be performed to meet those goals such as to create programming reflecting Canada's linguistic duality and cultural diversity, create programming of film and audiovisual works on subjects relevant to the general public or niche audiences, support innovative and experimental projects in new and interactive media and exploit the audiovisual heritage of the NFB. The overarching objective of the National Film Board is to produce and distribute audio-visual works which provoke discussion and debate on subjects of interest to Canadian audiences and foreign markets; which explore the creative potential of the audio-visual media; and which achieve recognition by Canadians and others for excellence, relevance and innovation.5 The National Film Board of Canada is Canada's public film producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes socially relevant films that inform Canadians and explore global issues. The NFB is best known for its documentaries and animated short films. The NFB was established in 1939 with an objective to interpret Canada to Canadians. John Grierson, a British documentary film-maker, was invited by the Government to study the state of the government's film production. Grierson opined that Canada should make short, inexpensive films about Canadians and their experiences could complement more expensive Hollywood fare, while give Canadians a cinematic voice without abandoning the concept of National Film Industry.6

Essay on Intellectual Disability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Essay on Intellectual Disability - Assignment Example Explaining on, Henley et al (2009; p.32-34) state that â€Å"this classification process assumes that assigning a student a categorical name implies knowledge about the characteristics of the student's learning problem.† This means that the essential reason for labeling students is to help educators in quickly or easily identifying the students by their disability level so that the needed support can be given to them outright. Because of this, there are traditional labels such as mild, moderate and severe intellectual disability. The question that has however revolved around most circles of educational literature is whether or not labeling has lived to its purpose and whether or not labeling is still relevant today. Foreman (2009) and Thompson et al (2009) approach the subject from their own perspectives. Without any doubt the two writers under review through a lot of point for the practice of labeling of students with disability. In the case of Thompson et al (2009) for insta nce, the writers revisit the fact that for the sake of successful classification or labeling to take place, educators have always been very particular with measurement exercises. Foreman (2009) also mentions that labeling or classification leads to support enhancement. Clearly if for the sake of labeling educators will be very serious with academic measurement exercises, it means that there will be a true reflection of what each and every student represents and what each and every student made up of so that eventual placement for educational and professional courses will be effective. Again, once students with mental disability are labeled, if helps in dishing out the most precise and prescribed support for their educational needs. Indeed there is a traditional saying that a drug used to treat boils cannot be used to treat stomach ache. This is to mean that treatment that is needed by a student with a certain level or degree of mental disability will not be appropriate for a student with a different degree of mental disability. From this perspective, both groups of writers admit that labeling is useful. The concerns of the writers however do not end with the fact that labeling has its own advantages. The writers delved very deep into the potential disadvantages of scrutinized the argument whether or not the essence of labeling is being carried out in modern schools successfully. Out of the scrutiny, the writers raise the awareness that labeling may have some advantages but the practice has actually out lived its usefulness. They also hold the view that labeling is wrongfully being applied and that the needed methodical approaches are not being followed in the use of labeling of mentally disabled students. In one breadth, Thompson et al (2009) seriously question if there are no more accommodating means of identifying students with mental disability and giving them the support they need other than labeling. The simple reason that the writers advocate this is tha t labeling is lately taking away the essence for which it was institutionalized. For instance by the mere fact that students are labeled, they become widely set apart from their colleagues and the natural world around them. It must not be forgotten that the fact that students have some degrees of mental disability does not mean they are total non-functional. This means that such students would definitely have questions for themselves as to why they are being set apart. This way, instead of helping

Age of New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Age of New Media - Essay Example Back home the same thing happens, open the laptop to do some work and some online surfing or online movie watching. Modern technology, specifically new media, has truly integrated itself into our daily lives. And it is not only adults that live by such lifestyle. From young children to teenagers, new media has become a way of life in the whole world. Vryzas and Tsitouridou (2002, pp. 9-17) examined how much access to home computers do children have in Greece. Of the 993 randomly chosen respondents, 305 had computers at home. These children could already make full use of the features of the computer after being taught by their older siblings or parents. The main activity that they did was play games using the computer. But they would also use other applications. Just what is new media? One definition could be â€Å"immediately suggests something far less settled [than â€Å"the media†] known, and identified†¦on the one hand, a rapidly changing set of formal and technological experiments and, on the other, a complex set of interactions between new technological possibilities and established media forms (Lister, 2003, p. 10-11). The term new media is so wide that it includes practically everything and anything that we use in modern times—digital, electronic, interactive, computer-mediated. And people have different concepts for the term so that â€Å"while a person using new media may have one kind of thing in mind (the Internet), others may mean something else (digital TV, new ways of imaging the body, a virtual environment or game)†, therefore the term refers to a â€Å"broad cultural resonance rather than a narrow technicist or specialist application† (Lister, 2003, p. 10-11) With all the explosion of new sites and activities using new media, especially those that can be found on the Internet, Lister’s definition encompasses a very broad range indeed. There are the social networking sites such as Facebook, Friendster, and MySpace,

Television Programming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Television Programming - Essay Example Everyone is responsible for what they watch, and therefore it becomes a personal decision when it comes to what one chooses to belief. Television advertising and programming are known to affect people’s perceptions and believes (Myers & Biocca, 1992). Visual programming and advertising can alter the way someone sees her body and this is particularly so among women as it affects them most. An example can be seen whereby the media advertisements and programming most of them portray the perfect body of a woman to be thin (Myers & Biocca, 1992). There are those advertisements and programmes that promote dieting and cutting weight which show that the body of a woman is targeted in most programming and advertisements. One is likely to follow these advertisements and programmes by starting to cut on weight. A woman’s body is exposed as something that is viewed for its attractiveness, that it should be slender. The impact that such programming and such advertising has is mostly seen by the increase in the number of women who are dieting and the number of television programmes that host shows about slimming. Advertisements are meant to appeal to the wider populace. An advertisement aims at ensuring that people note whatever product is being advertised (Bhargava, 2009), people who watch advertisements are likely to buy a certain product because of its advertisement in the same way a programme would affect someone. A person who watches a specific programmed would like to have the kind of life style that is portrayed in the programme (Petronio, 2007). Most of these programmes usually portray the American culture, people would like to mimic the behavior of the people in those programmes or the lifestyles that are shown in the programmes, and in effect, they copy the American culture.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Ethics - Essay Example Business does not exist independent of the society, and consequently politics. The participation and involvement of the businesses in the corrupt practices and policies of the governments has also been to some extent responsible for the developments which led to the ongoing protest movements that are challenging governments in the Middle-East. The emerging concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) calls for positive interactions on the part of the corporate entities with the communities in view of the fact that the companies are part of the communities and in turn the community is one of the stakeholders of the companies. Nasr, S. (2006) points out that if implementing corporate governance standards in joint venture companies has proven to be difficult, trying to apply them to family businesses is an even more difficult task. This is because such businesses are more about family than they are about business. The economy of the Middle East countries is dominated mostly by the f amily businesses. However, the broad picture emerging in a society is required to be well understood both by the family and professional entities for a sustainable development in the long run. ... e towards the environmental responsibility of the mankind, this aptly reflects the limits in terms of exploitation whether socially, economically or politically by the various vested interest groups. Blowfield, M & Murray, A. (2008, p.24) state â€Å"There are various ways of categorizing the main issues that fall under the corporate responsibility†. He has listed out Business ethics, Legal compliance, Philanthropy and community investment, Environmental management, Sustainability, Animal rights, Human rights, Worker rights and welfare, Market relations, Corruption and Corporate governance as prominent areas of corporate responsibility activity today. The agriculture and business are the cornerstones for development of the communities or societies in the world. The industrial development over the period of time has played an important role in the economic development of the countries relegating agriculture to the secondary place. Blowfield and Murray have placed business ethic s in the forefront as its corporate responsibility, and the influence of the business enterprises in the society and politics has been growing phenomenally over the period of time. The importance of business in the scheme of things has been further stressed by the phrase ‘Corruption and Corporate governance’ implying that corruption and corporate governance is closely interlinked. When we say corruption in the corporate companies, logically it is implied that the business influences ‘politics’ negatively by way of corruption to further their corporate interests. The business enterprises in the Middle East countries acting as a conduit for the movement of monies out of the countries to the safe havens have facilitated corruption in these countries perpetrated by the political forces.

White on white and color in minimalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

White on white and color in minimalism - Essay Example The essay "White on white and color in minimalism" analyzes the abstract art and compares white on white art and color art in minimalism. All artists concentrated on expressive art that showed emotion and universal themes. They were influenced by surrealism that changed into a new style that existed in the post-war era and mood of trauma, anxiety, fear and death. Abstract expressionism was not easy to define and understand. Some artists preferred to use action painting while others preferred American type painting. The artists who chose to express their artistic work through the movement showed their subconscious through their art and shared an interest in Jung’s ideas on myth memory and ritual. Minimal art developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the United States of America. Minimalist sculptures and paintings consist of geometric shapes and other simple forms that occur in a series of arranged unit. The movement was also called systematic painting, serial art or ABC p ainting. This movement grew in opposition of the earlier abstract expressionism movement. Minimal art movement was interested in logical systems and physical principles that occurred universally. They favored the straight and hard lines of design and rejected handcraftsmanship. White on white paintings or sculptures is objective and representational. They limit artists to develop things that exist in the real world situation. A viewer must be able to understand the piece of the work in the perspective of the artist. This piece of art does not allow artists to develop new things from their imagination that cannot be representative of the existence. In addition, the artists are limited to white color paintings and sculptures. They cannot use other colors except white colors when developing their work. The white color must be the background of any artwork. White on white paintings or sculptures represents the ultimate minimalism. It is neutral. In fact, it is not considered as a color. It is usually used in the background of the artwork. White on white paintings or sculptures signify and show purity, cleanliness and light (Foster, 2000, 45). White paintings are made up of white oil and exhaustic wax that softens its texture. White on white paintings has white encaustic burnt substance that contributes to the dimension of white on white painting in space. At the start of the white on white art, muted earth tones were incorporated into the white to come up with simple designs. The muted color was reduced later (Foster, 2000, 98). White paintings and sculpture present art in the simplest way possible by eliminating things that can complicate or add other dimensions on a piece of art. It brings art clearly from its background showing every detail. Minimalism is about creating clarity and avoiding ambiguity. White on white paintings and sculptures eliminate aspects of ambiguity in art works by putting the piece of art against a clear background that highlights each de tail that the artist wants to display. Tara Donovan is an American artist who was born in 1969 in new York. She has a Master of Fine Art degree in Sculpture (Lewis & Lewis, 2008, 62). She is an inventive sculptor who works elicit wonder and imagination using some of the common objects in everyday life. Her sculptural works show a transformation of ordinary materials shaped into intriguing and amazing physical and visual artworks.

Public Health in Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Health in Nursing Practice - Essay Example This essay approves that there are several characteristics of the population of the United Kingdom that can draw attention as they pose threat to the public health. Among these is the increasing concern that the population’s abusive patterns with regard to drug abuse is drawing. In a report of the UK Drug Policy Commission, the people of UK were identified to be the highest consumer of prohibited drugs in all Europe. This has also resulted to the increase of drug-related deaths which pushed it to the second spot among the European countries with high drug-related deaths statistics as well. Such deaths have been identified to be due to â€Å"poisoning, drug abuse, or drug dependence† This report makes a conclusion that drug abuse and dependence is indeed a public health concern that does not only affect the United Kingdom but the rest of the world as well. As a result, local, national and even international programs to respond to its negative threats are needed. The demographic trends and the behavior of the British people towards the use of recreational drugs which is identified to be â€Å"cultural† in origin is indeed alarming since it has been related to many severe health conditions and even risks to security that puts the health of the community as a whole in jeopardy. Although improvement is now apparent, the Government, health organizations and other related agencies must not only make policies to fight drug abuse as public a concern but also continue to monitor and evaluate these policies for the purpose of public health maintenance and improvement through the use of indicators such as demographic trends.

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management Essay Many business owners prepare a business plan before starting their business. However, small business owners often do not include human resource planning as part of their over-all business plan. They may start out with only a few employees or none at all. Over time, it is important to properly forecast employment needs. Just as failing to address potential threats in the marketplace can jeopardize the viability of your business, failing to anticipate personnel needs can impact on overall business success. The success of a business is directly linked to the performance of those who work for that business. Underachievement can be a result of workplace failures. Because hiring the wrong people or failing to anticipate fluctuations in hiring needs can be costly, it is important that you put effort into human resource planning. Planning for HR needs will help to ensure your employees have the skills and competencies your business needs to succeed. An HR plan works hand in hand with your business plan to determine the resources you need to achieve the business’s goals. It will better prepare you for staff turnover, recruitment, and strategic hiring – and alleviate stress when you have emergency/last-minute hiring needs. Human Resource Planning Process Or Steps Of HR Planning Human resource planning is a process through which the company anticipates future business and environmental forces. Human resources planning assess the manpower requirement for future period of time. It attempts to provide sufficient manpower required to perform organizational activities. HR planning is a continuous process which starts with identification of HR objectives, move through analysis of manpower resources and ends at appraisal of HR planning. Following are the major steps involved in human resource planning: 1. Assessing Human Resources The assessment of HR begins with environmental analysis, under which the external (PEST) and internal (objectives, resources and structure) are analyzed to assess the currently available HR inventory level. After the analysis of external and internal forces of the organization, it will be easier for HR manager to find out the internal strengths as well as weakness of the organization in one hand and opportunities and threats on the other. Moreover, it includes an inventory of the workers and skills already available within the organization and a comprehensive job analysis. 2. Demand Forecasting HR forecasting is the process of estimating demand for and supply of HR in an organization. Demand forecasting is a process of determining future needs for HR in terms of quantity and quality. It is done to meet the future personnel requirements of the organization to achieve the desired level of output. Future human resource need can be estimated with the help of the organizations current human resource situation and analysis of organizational plans an procedures. It will be necessary to perform a year-by-year analysis for every significant level and type. HR planning must be tied to the overall business plan. You can start the process by assessing the current conditions and future goals of your company. Perform these assessments regularly. Consider some of the following questions: What are the company’s goals and objectives? Do these goals call for expansion into new markets? Are new product lines planned? Are changes in technology necessary to stay competitive? Will new skills and/or training be required to meet the company’s goals and objectives? The following three-step method is designed to help you determine whether or not you are ready to hire: 1. Identify Business Strategy and Needs 2. Conduct a Job Analysis and Write a Job Description 3. Determine the Feasibility of Hiring Human Resource Planning Checklist Step 1: Identify Business Strategy and Needs Identify pressures and opportunities Clarify your business strategy and direction Identify aspects of the business that need help The following questions will help you determine how many people are required, and with what skills, to fulfill your business needs. What new positions are opening up? What special skills (e.g. computer applications) will be needed? What work experience (e.g. in a particular area) will be required? When will new staff be needed? When should hiring be scheduled to ensure a smooth transition? Does the hiring plan also provide for employee turnover and attrition? Step 2: Conduct a Job Analysis and Write a Job Description Review your current workforce- Describe the employees you now have in terms of their knowledge, skills, and experience and describe how they function together to get work done, At the same time, consider how the current work could be reorganized to make the best use of current and future employees. Identify any skills and knowledge gaps- Note any gaps between the skills and abilities your current employees have and the skills and abilities that your workforce needs to meet your business objectives in the future. Write a job description Set an appropriate salary- Start by adopting a general salary range to help you determine what you will need to budget – and whether potential candidates are within your budget. You may want to complete a job evaluation, whereby you rank jobs and their corresponding salaries. Weigh the importance of critical skills and knowledge for each position, compare positions, and rank the new position on the pay scale accordingly. You will need to do a comparison between the new and existing positions. Is the new position more junior/senior? Will the new position require more specialized skills and knowledge? Will the position have more complex tasks and different working relationships? Will the new position have more or less responsibility? Tips for Conducting a Job Analysis * Ask employees about each position within the business and how they are (or are not) connected * Ask employees if they think hiring a new employee or creating a new position would be a good idea * Observe employees at work and earnestly ask for their ideas about better ways to operate; be prepared to put good suggestions into action * Talk to customers about which employees are easiest to deal with or provide the best service * Find out and understand why past employees have left – be truthful with yourself * Talk to customers about their needs * Understand the needs of people the new employee will be working with * Differentiate between â€Å"nice to have† and â€Å"must have† skills and experiences * Look at employees who are performing at a superior level and try to assess the skills and behavior`s that distinguish them; look for evidence of these behavior`s during the interview * Look at similar positions in other companies and the requirements they have * Read books or articles about companies that may have found themselves in similar situations Step 3: Determine the Feasibility of Hiring Understand the costs of hiring- Labor costs, such as salary and benefits, Recruiting costs, which may include advertising in addition to time spent on recruiting activities, orientation and training. Understand the benefits of hiring- * Improved morale of other employees, if a departing employee was a problem or if the area has been Under staffed for some time * Improved morale of existing staff if the growth means new business and opportunities * Improved productivity if a departing employee was not productive or if employees believed that you have made the decision to hire as a result of their input * Increased revenues once a new employee is performing at an acceptable level * A new employee who is more qualified than current employees can help train the existing employees * Increased customer satisfaction and potentially saved business. Understand the risks of not hiring- * Loss of revenues because of an inability to keep up with demand * Loss of employees because they are unwilling to continue being overworked or to do the work of a departed employee * No new ideas or knowledge brought in through new employees If you decide that hiring a new employee is feasible, you are ready to begin the recruitment process. If not, you might need to revisit your strategic plan or business objectives. 3. Supply Forecasting Supply is another side of human resource assessment. It is concerned with the estimation of supply of manpower given the analysis of current resource and future availability of human resource in the organization. It estimates the future sources of HR that are likely to be available from within an outside the organization. Internal source includes promotion, transfer, job enlargement and enrichment, whereas external source includes recruitment of fresh candidates who are capable of performing well in the organization. 4. Matching Demand And Supply It is another step of human resource planning. It is concerned with bringing the forecast of future demand and supply of HR. The matching process refers to bring demand and supply in an equilibrium position so that shortages and over staffing position will be solved. In case of shortages an organization has to hire more required number of employees. Conversely, in the case of over staffing it has to reduce the level of existing employment. Hence, it is concluded that this matching process gives knowledge about requirements and sources of HR. 5. Action Plan It is the last phase of human resource planning which is concerned with surplus and shortages of human resource. Under it, the HR plan is executed through the designation of different HR activities. The major activities which are required to execute the HR plan are recruitment, selection, placement, training and development, socialization etc. Finally, this step is followed by control and evaluation of performance of HR to check whether the HR planning matches the HR objectives and policies. This action plan should be updated according to change in time and conditions.

Experience hyperthermia Essay Example for Free

Experience hyperthermia Essay Marian suffered from a heat stroke causing her body to experience hyperthermia. Marian body went through the process of homeostasis from experiencing hyperthermia. â€Å"Homeostasis is a state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.†(Marieb 8) Homeostasis protects the body by allowing it to adapt to the environment. Marian homeostasis tried to cool the body but failed. Though Marian was lucky her daughter found her in time. When a heat stroke occurs the body’s homeostasis shuts down where the temperature can reach high enough to cause brain damage to where you die. Heat strokes can cause damage internally well as externally. Hyperthermia causes a positive feedback mechanism within the body. â€Å"A positive feedback mechanism is a feedback that tends to cause the level of variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.†( Marieb 9) When the body stimulus rises the hypothalamus’s thermoreceptors start to work as the body’s thermostat. The thermoreceptors send messages allowing the hypothalamus to make temperature changes in the core. When the core starts to raise the heat loss mechanism starts one or two things: â€Å"dilation of cutaneous blood vessels or enhanced sweating.†(Marieb 833) â€Å"Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels is where the vessels swell with warm blood, heat is lost from the radiation, conduction, and convection† (Marieb 833) Some symptoms for a heat stroke are â€Å"throbbing headache, dizziness and light-headedness, lack of sweating despite the heat, red hot skin, muscle weakness or cramps, nausea and vomiting, rapid heartbeat, which may either strong or weak, rapid shallow breathing, behavioral changes such as confusion, disorientation or staggering, seizures, and unconsciousness.†( http://firstaid.webmd.com/heat-stroke-symptoms-and-treatment) The treatments of methodologies for hyperthermia that were used in this case study was to apply cold wash cloth to forehead and face, position in front of a fan while using a spray bottle with water on her skin. Applying a cold wash cloth to face and forehead allows the body to drop in temperature. Positioning the body in front of a fan allows cooling. Spraying water allows hydration to the dehydrated skin. Hyperthermia is, also, used for cancer patients. â€Å"Hyperthermia treatment heats body tissues to 113 degrees Fahrenheit to damage and destroy cancer cells while leaving healthy tissue unharmed.†( http://www.ehow.com/about_6470647_new-hyperthermia-cancer-treatment.html)Hyperthermia can happen very easily. People need to wear sun screen, lose fitting of clothing to cover the skin. Eat small portions; drink plenty of fluids but not alcohol. Alcohol dehydrates the body. Watch the weather to see if a heat advisory is in effect. Make sure not to do hard exercise work out during hot days. Talk to your primary doctor to see if your medications or your disease(s) can be effected by the sun. In this case though, Marian suffered from a heat stroke due to being in a house with no windows open. Hyperthermia is more harmful to infants or small children, elderly, overweight, people who are ill or medications. Small children or infants depend on others to protect them. They are defenseless in the sense when it comes to staying out of the sun, sunscreen, and hydration. The elderly may not feel heat stress. Elderly for the most part don’t response or sense to the change in climate. People who have diabetes tend to have poor circulation. Poor circulation is dangerous during heat waves because the blood needs to flow throughout the body to cool itself. So having poor circulation already would mean the body would trouble pumping blood faster to cool the body, thus, causing a heat stroke. People who are overweight retain more body heat than skinny people. When having more body heat it causes heat stress. Heat stress leads to a heat stroke. People who work out can over do it and experience dehydration. Dehydration can cause heat stress. People who have heart disease or high blood pressure are at risk because when the body is trying to the cool its self the heart has to pump in a faster pace causing the heart rate and blood pressure to go up. This is not good because it causes these people more stress on the heart. People on other medications have to be careful because the sun can cause increase or decreases in the function of the body which the medications are already trying to control without the factor of the sun. How a medical personal treat hyperthermia is very carefully. The body can be damage either by the tissue, brain, and /or body organs or maybe all three are damaged. The first thing is to check the people’s vitals to see if they are stable. Second, a physical assessment can be done to look over the skin.

A theological reflection on unity and uniqueness

A theological reflection on unity and uniqueness CHAPTER TWO A THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON UNITY AND UNIQUENESS Biblical and Theological Basis Unity and uniqueness are integral and consistent to the composition of the universe. The world around and the skies above reveal the Creators work, a tapestry of creation that abounds with harmony and diversity. The world He fashioned overflows with originality and there are distinct markings of diversity, yet all of the differences are held together in consistent unity. Christian theology accounts for both the coherence of the universe and the distinctiveness of its parts. This is the core of the Apostle Pauls confession; â€Å"all things were created in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or authorities-all things were created through Him and for Him. He (Jesus Christ) is before all things, and in Him all things hold together† (Colossians 1:16). The created order of things in the world is not static; it is utterly dynamic. The cosmos is loaded with dynamic diversity that is simultaneously being held together in unity, in Christ. Both the Old and New Testaments support the theme of uniqueness and unity. In this theological reflection the researcher will examine the idea of unity and uniqueness as revealed in Scripture. The theological basis for this project is that the theme of unity and uniqueness is one of Gods overarching principles conveyed in the revelation of the Godhead, the composition of the Canon, and in the design of the institutions of marriage and Church. In this paper, the researcher will give greater attention to the study of the Trinity because, â€Å"all the crucial elements in ecclesiology and entire theology are rooted in the doctrine of the Trinity.† Unity and Uniqueness in the Godhead The theme of uniqueness and unity exists in creation is an echo of the presence of uniqueness and unity in God. One of the most basic Christian beliefs is that God is â€Å"one God in three persons.† This doctrine is recognized in the historic Christian faith as the doctrine of the Trinity. While the word â€Å"trinity† does not occur in the Bible, nor is the theological concept fully described in the Text, the idea is rooted in the scriptures. Since there is no overt reference to God as Triune in the Bible, Emil Brunner, the Swiss Protestant theologian gives an insightful perspective: â€Å"The ecclesiastical doctrine of the Trinity, established by the dogma of the ancient Church, is not Biblical kerygma, therefore it is not the kerygma of the Church, but is a theological doctrine which defends the central faith of the Bible and of the Church.† Early church theologians developed the term Trinity as a way to communicate the three distinctive persons of God that constitute one divine being. They developed this doctrine in resistance against dangerous heresies, in which Christ with God was called into question, either on Gods behalf or on Christs. Jurgen Moltmann, an influential thinker on modern Trinitarian theology, writes, â€Å"It was only in these controversies that Trinitarian dogma grew up, and with the dogma grew its formulation, as philosophical terminology was given a new theological mould.† This new doctrine would be derived from the Latin word trinitas, meaning â€Å"threeness,† referring to the Tri-unity of God. This doctrine conveys that the eternal Godhead exists as three distinct Persons. All three—the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit -are distinct yet interconnected. The early church explored the revelation of Gods three-in-oneness and the conclusions of these explorations were expressed in the Athanasian Creed, â€Å"We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; neither confounding the Persons: nor dividing the substance.† This theme of Trinity can be summed up in this concise way: â€Å"The Father is God, the Son is God, the Holy Spirit is God; yet, there are not three gods, but one God.† Man did not invent this doctrine of Trinity; this doctrinal position was established in creed to articulate the concept of a triune God based on the revelation through Scripture of three manifestations of the Godhead. In the first century church arguments were intense regarding what precisely was â€Å"three† about God, what was a divine person, what was â€Å"one† about God, what this meant for now, and how the nature and identity of Jesus should be understood. The early church discussions did not remove the mystery; rather the creed they established on the doctrine of the Trinity merely gives clarity within the mystery, providing reassurance by wrapping words around an imagination expanding reality. The creeds are nothing more than a well-ordered arrangement of the facts of Scripture which concern the doctrine of the Trinity. Hodge writes that, â€Å"They assert the distinct personality of the Father, Son and Spirit; their mutual relation as expressed by those terms; their absolute unity as to substance or essence, and their consequent perfect equality; and the subordination of the Son to the Father, and of the Spirit to the Father and the Son, as the mode of subsistence and operation. These are Scriptural facts, to which the creeds in question add nothing; and it is in this sense they have been accepted by the Church universal.† While the creed gives clarity to the mystery, it in now way contains an explanation for the God who created the heavens and the earth. Gods nature and essence cannot be completely understood by the human mind. Finite minds cannot comprehend an infinite God. The fullness of the nature of God remains outside of our experience and knowledge. God is transcendent and the uniqueness and unity within the Godhead is described in complex terms. The church did not invent the doctrine of the trinity; it just accepted it from what God revealed about Himself through the Bible. The doctrine of the Trinity gives us a key to understanding unity in diversity. Inside this dogma is an implicit uniqueness within the distinctive persons of the Godhead that does not diminish the unified essence. Trinity reveals much about the nature of God and the values of the universe. The actual content of the doctrine of the Trinity may be summarized with four statements: â€Å"God is one, God is three, God is a diversity, and God is a unity.† These four simple statements come together in a doctrine that is complex and paradox; it is a beautiful mystery that is biblically justified. Though we may never fully comprehend the mystery of the Trinity, we can reach for higher understanding while standing firm on the concrete form of biblical revelation. The researcher will point to passages that communicate and illustrate the reality of trinity. There is much to work with, according to the Princeton theologian B.B. Warfield, â€Å"the doctrine of the Trinity is rather everywh ere presupposed in the Bible.† The Unity of God: There is Only One True God The Bible does not teach tritheism or polytheism; Scripture teaches that there is only one true eternal God. The unity of God is rooted in the Jewish faith anchored in the Torah. The Hebrew people were monotheistic, which in the ancient world positioned them in stark contrast with their surrounding nations who worshiped â€Å"many gods.† Even to this day, as an act of worship the Jews regularly proclaim their blessing, or creed, called the Shema: â€Å"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.† (Deut. 6:4-5). This statement clarifies their belief in the Oneness of God. The doctrine of the Trinity affirms the Hebrew understanding of God, but differs in that the LORD is understood to be one not in â€Å"a solitary unity but a composite unity.† As Christians we believe that the God of the Trinity is the one whom the Old Testament worshippers knew as Elohim or Yahweh. In their worship of Yahweh there was temptation to take up the many gods of their pluralistic neighbors. While other nations were embracing polytheism, the prophet Isaiah reminds Israel, â€Å"This is what the LORD says, ‘I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God.† (Isaiah 44:6). The Apostle Paul carries this teaching of the Oneness of God into the New Testament, three times he instructs the church, â€Å"there is no God but one† (1 Cor. 8:4, 1 Cor. 8:6, 1 Timothy 2:5). The Uniqueness of God: Three Distinct Persons Plurality through Pronouns and Names. There are traces of Trinity in the Old Testament, most of them are found in Gods revelation of himself through names and pronouns. The name Yahweh may be the first name God chooses to introduce himself with in a conversation, but the first name used for God is the Hebrew word Elohim. â€Å"In the beginning God [Elohim] created†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Genesis1:1). After only four words into the Biblical story, God introduces himself as Elohim, which is a plural form, and though no clear statement of trinity is contained, a plurality of persons could be implied. Another early allusion to divine plurality is found later in the chapter, â€Å"Let us make man in our image, in our likeness.† (Gen 1:26). He says again, â€Å"The man has now become like one of us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gen 3:22). And a third time he says, â€Å"Come, let us go down and confuse their language† (Gen. 11:7). Contemplating these passages, a Roman Catholic theologian, Bertrand de Magerie asks: â€Å"Does this Divine â€Å"we† evoke a polytheistic age anterior to the Bible? Or a deliberation of God with his angelic court? Or does it not rather indicate the interior richness of the divinity? How does it happen that only in these four passages the plural form of the name Elohim used here has influenced the verb, which is plural only here? And what is more extrodinary is that these plural forms are introduced by formulas in the singular: ‘Elohim says. † These questions are presented in an attempt to help the reader engage with the plurality of God. They look to compel the reader from dismissing plurality in the Torah as a highly intriguing to realizing its high importance as an insinuation for the Trinitarian idea. Distinctive Plurality through Unique Activity. Evidence for the concept of plurality in the Godhead exists beyond pronouns and names; it is also found in the distinguishing activity of God in Genesis. Within the creation account there is an explosion of activity where each person acts uniquely with his own actions. In Genesis 1:1 God the Father is revealed existing as the originator of the created world. He is presented as the mastermind behind creation and the one who generates the universe ex nihilo. He In Genesis 1:2, the Bible introduces God as the Spirit who watches over the works of creation, hovering as the waters. He is the active agent in creation. He is the one who â€Å"hovers† over creation, keeping things in tact, preserving, protecting, and unifying what the Father brings into being. The Spirit brings order out of chaos and confusion. As one theologian writes, â€Å"it is because of Him that we have cosmos instead of chaos.† In Genesis 1:3 we are introduced to the â€Å"Word† of God through whose work the will of God becomes initiated. God speaks and the Word brings it into reality. John writes in the fourth Gospel, â€Å"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made† (John 1:1-3). While the doctrine of the Trinity was not clearly enunciated in the Old Testament , the theologian Gerald OCollins, has stated, â€Å"The vivid personification of Father (Wisdom), Son (Word), and Spirit, in as much as they were both identified with God and the divine activity and distinguished from God, opened up the way toward recognizing God to be tripersonal.† Distinctive Plurality through Unique Personhood. These Old Testament account only gives an allusion of Trinity; the Trinitarian doctrine receives much fuller treatment in the rest of the Bible as God manifests himself and further reveals himself to humanity. The Trinitarian concepts chief development is anchored in the New Testament, the Gospels present the revelation of Jesus Christ the Son, and in the book of Acts, describes the sending of the Holy Spirit on the Church. In several New Testament passages Christ is clearly called God (Heb 1:9-9, John 1:1, John 20:28) In The latter passage, John 20:28, one of the apostles, Thomas, confronts the resurrected Jesus and proclaims, â€Å"My Lord and my God.† From this verse, the Scholar D. Moody Smith, contends, Thomas response is exactly appropriate, as he utters the confession of Jesus as Lord (kyrios) and God (theos). This confession is typical of early Christian theology and language as far as Lord (kyrios) is concerned, but uniquely Johannine in its ascription of the name of God (theos) to Jesus as well. In 1:1 the preexistent word (logos) is called God (theos) and at the end of the prologue this most exalted title is repeated, after the incarnation of the Word in Jesus has been confessed. For the most part John withholds the designation theos from Jesus, but in the course of the narrative makes clear that this ascription of deity to Jesus is indeed correct and unavoidable (5:18; cf. 5:19-24; 10:30; 14:8-11). While Thomas may have once doubted, he has now made the confession that is essential and true. Jesus is Lord and God. The description of Christ as God was an important explanation that integrated New Covenant theology with the monotheistic Hebraic covenant of the Old Testament. The confession of Thomas and the other passages in the New Testament help construct the Christian understanding of Christ as God. The concept of the Spirit of God in the Old Testament is carried over into the New Testament. The same person of God that â€Å"hovers† over his creation and the Holy Spirit fills Mary and descends on Jesus at his baptism. As Jesus was being baptized, the Trinity became expressive to human senses. John the Baptist and others who witnessed the baptism, audibly heard the voice of the Father affirm Jesus as his Son, and visibly saw the Holy Spirit descend on Jesus in the likeness of a dove. The Spirit is revealed in the likeness of tongues of fire when he empowers the disciples on the day of Pentecost. This is in fulfillment of Jesus promise to his disciples that â€Å"the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you† (John 14:6). Jesus words at the end of Matthews Gospel are known as the â€Å"Great Commission,† but one mustnt overlook the â€Å"great expression† of Trinity. Jesus sends out his disciples to baptize with the â€Å"Trinitarian formula†, â€Å"Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit† (Matthew 28:19). Christs words reveal Trinity. Later in the New Testament, in the Epistles, the Apostle Paul gives description of the Spirits nature and activity. To the church at Corinth he explains, â€Å"We have not received the spirit of the world but the Spirit who is from God, that we may understand what God has freely given us†(1 Cor. 2:12). Paul gives other direct references to the Spirit that are unmistakable Trinitarian references. In another letter to the church at Corinth offers a benediction, â€Å"May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all† (2 Cor. 13:14). Conclusion In this section, the researcher has presented key passages that reference the triune God, demonstrating that the Bible reveals God existing as three unique persons yet in unity as One, which is the doctrine of the Trinity. There is complexity within the specific functions of the Godhead yet a unity in their purpose and three Persons. Each of the three Persons performs specific functions and are involved in everything together. This doctrine is fundamental to understanding the theme of unity and uniqueness in the universe, because whenever we see it in our world it exists as an expression or echo of its source in the Godhead. The Trinity holds a central place in this project going forward because all crucial elements in theology, ecclesiology, and sociology, are rooted in the doctrine of the Trinity. This section has demonstrated that the doctrine of the Trinity has roots in Scripture. But when looking at the themes of unity and uniqueness we see that even the Bible itself, it bears the mark of unity and uniqueness in its composition. The work is a reflection Trinitarian essence of the divine author. Uniqueness and Unity in the Cannon Though ‘Bible is a singular term, the Bible is not one book, but a library of diverse writings concerning God and his relationship with the world. While the theme of uniqueness and unity is present in the revelation of Gods Word, it is also evident in the composition of the Bible. The Bible is a diverse collection of books that present one over arching unified theme. â€Å"Neo-Orthodox† theologians in the past century worked to revive an emphasis of study in the unity of the Bible. Professor C.H. Dodd called for greater study in this area; â€Å"Biblical scholars have long worked on separate sections in what might be called the centrifugal movement, but now the centripetal movement is needed; a study of the unity of the parts, an attempt to find the deeper meanings of the dominant theme present within the diversity of writings. This section will examine the uniqueness in the composition and the unifying theme of the text. The Uniqueness of the Books within the Cannon. The Bible is a diverse collection of books that were writing over a period of 1,500 years by many authors from a wide range of experiences and walks of life. These 66 unique were written in a variety of historical and cultural contexts. The 40 authors wrote in a wide array of literary forms. The diversity of the writings may be described as the humanity of the Bible, since it extends over a vast range of human experiences and perspectives. This diversity is expressed well by author Terry Hall: â€Å"It had to be one of the strangest publishing projects of all time: no editor or publishing house was responsible to oversee 40 independent authors representing 20 occupations, living in 10 countries, during a 1,500 year span, working in 3 languages, with a cast of 2,930 characters in 1,551 places, together they produced 66 books, containing 1,189 chapters, over 31,000 verses, 7 hundred 74 thousand words and over 3.5 million letters. This massive volume covers every conceivable subject ex pressed in literary forms poetry, prose, romance, biography, science, and history, to tell one story with internal consistency.† To appreciate the difficulties the unity of the Scriptures, we only need imagine the complexity in turning this diverse collection into a unified work. The complex reality of the unity in composition despite broad sweeping diversity reveals evidence for divine authorship. The evidence is from the reality that despite the many differences there is one overarching meta-narrative. The internal consistency could be described as the divinity of the Bible. God chose to use distinctive, unique personalities to reveal his unified infallible, inerrant word. God weaves together the diversity and uniqueness to form one story, the story of redemption. The Unity of the Cannon. Gods Word is always united to this theme of redemption and tied in with history. G. Ernest Wright regards this unity as â€Å"the confessional recital of Gods saving and redemptive acts.† If one follows the meta-narrative, the story line leads from creation, to the fall of man, to the need for redemption, to the sacrificial system, to the person of Jesus who fulfills prophecy and brings redemption through his sacrifice, from the garden to the great city of God, the consistent unifying theme within the Book is Jesus and the work of redemption. A tradition in the British Navy illustrates this unifying theme; there was a practice in the Royal Navy that every rope they used would have a scarlet cord woven into it. The cord would run from end to end, that way whether lost at sea or stolen in the harbor, no matter where the rope was cut, every inch was marked and it was evidenced that it was possession of the crown. And so it is with the Bible, in the united message within the diversity of the Text. The Scriptures are comprised of 66 books and regardless where one cuts in on the story, there is one unified theme, the redemption of mankind through the work Jesus the Messiah. Karl Barth called this the â€Å"Christological concentration.† He stated this central emphasis on Christ this way; â€Å"in the Bible only one central figure as such has begun to occupy me or each and everything else only in the light and under the sing of this central figure.† Jesus Christ is the scarlet thread that runs throughout the Bible. Bible contains unique books with unity in their composition and theme. Conclusion The diversity and unity of the Bible is supernatural, the evidence supports its claim to be the revealed Word of God. There is a striking a unity out of diversity, a harmonious and continuous message from beginning to end, a self-consistent whole, where the main theme is the person and work of Jesus Christ. God intended for the diverse books of scripture to fit together as a unified whole, the various books coming together as a beautiful and cohesive whole is just another revelation of this universal theme of unity among unique parts. The divine author has designed this into the created order of the Cannon and integrated unity and uniqueness in the created order of humanity and the architecture of the institution of marriage. Unity and Uniqueness in Marriage God is Trinity, which means that in God there is a unity, a perfect consistency of essence. Since this is within his being, God finds delight in uniqueness within unity. God makes his pleasure known by weaving this theme into the cosmos, into the cannon, and into the crown or apex of his creation, humanity. The essential unity of God finds expression in the creation of mankind and the institution of marriage. Humans have been stamped with unity and uniqueness, since God created man in â€Å"[His] image, in [His] likeness† (Genesis 1:26). The process of being created in Gods image has important implications for human relationships, as Stanley Grenz explains: â€Å"The image of God is primarily a relational concept. Ultimately we reflect Gods image in relationship. Thus the imago Dei is not primarily an individual possession but a corporate or social reality, present among humans-in-relationship.†When God created humans, â€Å"He constructed into creatures and relationships a unity-in-diversity that characterize the eternal divine reality.†This creative act of unity and uniqueness is evident in the creativity of the male and female design: â€Å"God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them† (Genesis 1:27). The male and female distinction within humanity mysteriously reflects the image of God. This is revealed in the marriage mandate and the divine institution of marriage. The Marriage Mandate The marriage relationship has been deigned and instituted by God. In fact, marriage is the very first institution that God creates. In the created order, marriage is formed before civil government and the local church. Marriage is the primary institution and is the preeminent building block of societal vitality. God sets forth his design for marriage in the marriage mandate, â€Å"For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh† (Genesis 2:24). The Hebrew word for one in one flesh, is the same Hebrew word used in the Shema, â€Å"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is One† (Deut. 6:4-5). This word one references the unity of the Godhead made up by three unique persons with three distinct roles. In the case of marriage, it is not tri-unity as with God, rather it is unity of two persons, male and female one flesh. This oneness, or unity, is the marking reflection of Gods essence on the marriage covenant. Uniqueness in Marriage The oneness of marriage does not mean that the marriage mandate reduces or eliminates individuality. Just as the distinct persons and different roles in the Trinity are unified in purpose and mission as one, male and female in the marriage covenant come together as one. Both persons bring their distinctive personalities and giftedness, unique passions and abilities together, not to exist merely as two individuals but to become united together. The Bible teaches that marriage is the complimentary functioning of two unique persons in their roles to reflect the image of God. It is important to note that distinct persons and different roles does not indicate different value. Just as the three persons of the Trinity are equal in their value and in their personhood, also women and men have been created equal in their worth. Neither male nor female are â€Å"better† or â€Å"worse† than the other. In Gods economy, both male and female are equal before him. As the apostle Paul writes in the letter to the Galatians, â€Å"There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus† (Gal. 3:28). Scripture affirms absolute equality of personhood. But equality of value and importance is different than equality of role and responsibility. Males and females have been assigned unique roles according to the created order. Pastor and Theologian John Piper writes: â€Å"In the Bible, differentiated roles for men and women are never traced back to the fall of man and woman into sin. Rather, the foundation o f this differentiation is traced back to the way things were in Eden before sin warped our relationships. Differentiated roles were corrupted, not created, by the fall. They were created by God.† Although man and woman are equal, Scriptures teach that there are proper roles within the marriage mandate. The Apostle Paul defines these roles in this letter to the Ephesians. He writes, â€Å"Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything. Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her† (Eph. 5:22-26). The husband is called to serve and sacrifice for his wife as an expression of his love for her. Likewise, the wife is called to submit and respect her husband as an expression of her love for him. In this way they complement each other. God has given the husband the role of loving servant-leadership, with a responsibility to lead, protect, and provide for the wife. In the same way, a womans responsibility is to affirm and support his leadership, as a helpmate. The complementing distinctions create a mutually supportive home that affirms each others calling in Christ. These two complementary halves unite physically, spiritually, mentally, emotionally and physiologically and the unity of the uniqueness reveals the image of God in marriage. Unity in Marriage The Bible uses the phrase â€Å"one flesh† to describe the mysterious and miraculous unity that is present in marriage. This description distinguishes the union of marriage from any other human connection, differentiating the marriage relationship from any other social institution. Marriage is not the product of social evolution or a cultural invention; rather it is a pre-fall created relationship that began with the primal event in the Garden of Eden. Within marriage there is this sacred mystery of unity and uniqueness held together in one entity. In the New Testament, Jesus affirms the marriage mandate and profound significance thereof: â€Å"Have you not read, that he who created them from the beginning, made them male and female. And said for this reason a man shall leave his Father and Mother and shall cleave to his wife and they shall become one flesh? Consequently they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together let no man separate† (Matthew 19:4-6) Christ presents the profound significance of the ordained demarcation, as the man and woman leave their father and mother, and unite as they cleave to one another in the sight of God and become â€Å"one flesh.† Cleaving together and becoming â€Å"one flesh† as husband and wife is symbolized and sealed by sexual union, but the â€Å"one flesh† relationship entails more than sex. It is the mysterious fusion of two lives into one, where life is shared together, by the mutual consent and covenant of marriage in a mysterious union. By Gods architecture in humanity, male and female are made anatomically, emotionally and spiritually for one another, for oneness. Through divine intention, by joining together, the husband and wife represent the full spectrum of the Gods image. As Gods unity is everlasting, the marriage unity is designed to be reflective of his everlasting nature, by two people giving themselves over into a permanent circle of shared companionship. In the context of the letter to the Ephesians it appears that marriage is set within the meta-narrative of Gods restoration of all things under the headship of Christ. This includes all of humanity who believes, Jews and Gentiles, the body of Christ, the church. Paul sets forth Gods purpose of humanity â€Å"to bring all things in heaven and on earth together under one head even Christ† (Eph. 1:10). The authority of Christ is supreme, he is the head of all things, and all things are subjected to him. This overarching sovereign work of God becomes the central purpose for a unified marriage. Unity in marriage is developed from sharing this God-given mission and purpose. Conclusion The longest statement in the New Testament on the unity of marriage and the relationship between husbands and wives is found in Ephesians 5:21-33. In this passage Paul conveys the distinctive roles for wives and husbands and at the same time reveals the way it corresponds to the relationship between Christ and his church. In this way, marriage serves as a metaphor of deeper spiritual realities. The truth marriage mirrors is that the unity of husbands loving their wives to become one flesh/body is a dimension of the great mystery of the unity of all believers into the one â€Å"body† of the church through the self-sacrificial love of its head, Christ (Eph 5:2, 23-30, 32). Marital unity in love adds to the great cosmic mystery of unity causing the growth of all things to Christ, so that all might be united under him. This theme of unity among uniqueness is present all throughout the cosmos and creation. Flowing from the Trinity, the theological underpinning of the essence of unity and uniqueness has wide-ranging implications for the study of Scripture, the function of marriage, and ecclesiology. Basically, this doctrine is the foundation of practical Christian reflection of the diversity and unity within the Godhead. The human family is not the only way God has ordained to reflect his unity to the world. Within the church we have â€Å"many members† and yet â€Å"one body† that display his glory (1 Cor. 12:12). Unity and Uniqueness in the Church The unity of the Church is a theme that carries throughout the New Testament. There is not a clear, concise, summarizing definition of the church put fort

Security in dorm halls Essay examples -- essays research papers

Security in dorm halls on universities across the nation is a huge problem that each campus must address, due to the amount of people living in such close quarters. Residence hall security should be an important factor in the college decision making process. Today’s college freshman arrives for the first day of his/her college career hampered with personal property of substantial value. Most students come to college equipped with an advanced computer system and can be the target of burglary. Many other items of value accompany the student. Sexual assaults are also a potential problem. The possibility of theft and sexual assaults make residence hall and individual room security a basic prevention strategy. To ensure a safe campus, it is imperitive to secure residence halls and escort all guests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most college students do not think about the repercussions of being lazy about security in their respective residence halls. However if there is no attention paid to who comes in and out, many crimes can and usually do happen. For instance, at the University of Connecticut, a survey of 690 undergraduates found that more than half of dorm residents say they have propped open a secured door. Nine out of ten know someone else who have also done the same. Half of those students who had witnessed these doors left partly open, knew of incidents where strangers had come into the building unescorted. Of those strangers, one in five knew of a crime that resulted b...

Baldwins Writing Style in Notes of a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwi

James Baldwin was born in Harlem in a time where his African American decent was enough to put more challenges in front of him than the average (white) American boy faced. His father was a part of the first generation of free black men. He was a bitter, overbearing, paranoid preacher who refused change and hated the white man. Despite of his father, his color, and his lack of education, James Baldwin grew up to be a respected author of essays, plays, and novels. While claiming that he was one of the best writers of the era could be argued either way, it is hard to argue the fact that he was indeed one of the most well-known authors of the time. One of his intriguing skills as a writer is his ability to intertwine narration and analysis in his essays. James Baldwin mixes narration and analysis in his essays so well that coherence is never broken, and the subconscious is so tempted to agree with and relate to what he says, that if you don’t pay close attention, one will find him self agreeing with Baldwin, when he wasn’t even aware Baldwin was making a point. Physical placement of analytical arguments and analytical transitions, frequency and size of analytical arguments, and the language used within the analytical arguments are the keys to Baldwin’s graceful persuasion. Throughout this essay, I will be using Baldwin’s â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† for examples. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† is an essay that Baldwin wrote which focuses primarily on his life around the time his father died, which also happens to be the same time his youngest brother was born. With the exception of the last paragraph, you never see a paragraph in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† which offers only analysis. The majority of the time, Baldwin will either start ... ...any places throughout his essay which effectively helps the reader accept what he says as fact. Then, within these analyses, he uses a passive voice to make points. He doesn’t assert anything. He merely suggests and notices things around him, then lets you make the obvious connections. Maybe Baldwin uses this writing style no purpose or maybe he just writes this way naturally without noticing. Baldwin may have written these essays with the intent to make a point, or he may have written them for some other reason. It was not my intent to assign a purpose to Baldwin’s writing, but rather to note an interesting and powerful writing technique Baldwin uses, and how it results in writing which is extremely easy to agree with. Baldwin, James. ?Notes of a Native Son.? 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Mariah Carey :: essays research papers

Mariah Carey, the biggest-selling female recording artist of the 1990's was born and raised in New York by her mother, a former opera singer with the New York City Opera and a vocal coach, Mariah Carey began singing at age four. By the time she was in junior high school, she had begun to write songs. After her high school graduation, she got her fist big break, singing backup for Brenda K. Starr, a break that led to her signing with Columbia Records. And now Mariah is not only a singer, but also a writer and producer. Mariah Carey has had more #1 singles than any female artist, surpassing both the Supremes (12) and Madonna (11), and more #1's than any currently active recording artist. She has had more #1 singles (14) than any artist during the 1990's and seen more singles (3) debut at #1 than any artist in history. With more #1 albums (4) than any female artist in the 1990's Mariah was the first female artist to see two of her albums (Music Box and Daydream) reach the 10 million mark in sales and is the only female artist to have eight albums certified triple-platinum or better (in Mariah's case, her entire album catalog has achieved RIAA multi-platinum status). Mariah's 1990 eponymous debut album launched an unparalleled unbroken string of successes. Mariah Carey has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide, was certified 8x RIAA-platinum, and yielded a record-setting four consecutive #1 singles: "Vision of Love," "Love Takes Time," "Someday," and "I Don't Wanna Cry." The title track of 1992's quadruple-platinum Emotions generated her fifth consecutive #1 single, placing Mariah Carey in the Top Ten All-Time achievers of Most Consecutive #1 Hits. Emotions earned Mariah two Grammy nominations ("Best Pop Vocal, Female" and, with Walter Afanasieff, "Best Producer") and an American Music Award ("Favorite Female Artist, Soul/ R&B"). On March 17, 1992, Mariah appeared on MTV Unplugged, leading to the release of Mariah's sixth #1 single ("I'll Be There") as well as an EP which has been certified triple platinum in the U.S. and has sold more than five million copies worldwide. In 1993, Mariah released Music Box, an album which as sold more than 24 million copies worldwide, has been certified ten times RIAA platinum, and generated her seventh and eighth #1 singles "Dreamlover" and "Hero" as well as the Top 10 hit "Without You." Mariah followed up with her holiday album, Merry Christmas, which sold eight million copies worldwide shortly after its release in November 1994 and has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA.