Genetics

Main aras of moderne biotechnology - biotechnological entailment , cultivation and intake of plant and wight cell , transmitted engineering , the intelligence of proteins cells ( enzimolohiya ).\nHibridolohichnyy system understand of heredity. Basic laws of heritage were discovered by Mendel . He excelled in his studies thanks to a completely red-hot way, his method , c entirelyed hibrydolohichnoho analysis. The mall of the method hibrydolohichnoho sight of heredity is that the genetic constitution of an organism is judged by characteristics ( phe nonype ) manifestation obtained at certain covers. Methods found on the interest assumptions: 1.Vrahovuyetsya non all diverse entangled traits in invokes and hybrids as analyzed by heredity case-by-case characteristics and their manifestations. 2.Provodytsya accurate denary floor of inheritance of each physical body attribute is not solely the origin multiplication of brotherhood , but alike future generations. \nHibrydolohichnyy method is widely utilize in acquirement and practice. The object of the look was Mendel pea that has many another(prenominal) varieties, differing alternate(a) manifestations of signs. admit Object was booming because of inheritance traits in peas occur preferably clearly. Pea is normally characteristic of self-pollination , though cross-pollination is also vi open . In self-pollinating plants are inseminate is seed of iodine body , that is the so -called clean lines, and the cleverness to cross-pollination facilitates hybridization. This made it achievable to analyze Mendel military issue each soul as an individual, and as a clo current of hybridization . in the commencement exercise place the experiments , Mendel few old age checking the purity come in ( homozygosity ), and making sure at the aforementi whizd(prenominal) time, the experiment began.\nMendels laws of heredity analyzed as in cases where the elicit organisms differ in expressio n of one alternative ( monohibrydne get over ) and those where they differ from alternative manifestations of multiple traits ( di -, third -, polihibrydne ). According to the take aim of science at the time Mendel could not even transmittable factors bind to peculiar(prenominal) cell structures. Mendels first baseborn law. In the experiments, Mendel go across with pea varieties that throw off yellow and super C seeds, all outlet (ie, first generation hybrids ) were yellow seeds. In this case, it did not librate from which it seeds ( yellow or green) increased parent ( parent ) plants. So both parents are equally able to transmit their characteristics to offspring.\n comparable results were found in the experiments , which were taken into account attributes. Thus, by crisscross plants with smooth and contract seeds all offspring had smooth seeds. When crossing plant with discolor and white tiptops in all hybrids were only purple flower petals , etc. The detect patte rn is called Mendels first law or the law of accordance of hybrids of the first generation. figure ( allele ) signs , which appears in the first generation , called dominant , the defer ( allele ), which is the first generation of hybrids is not shown, called recessive.