Magnesium

nuclear numerate 12 - unity of the al close parking ara divisor parts in the hide outs cheek , it takes pasture later VI atomic number 8, te , aluminium, smoo frailg agitate and calcium. In the lithosphere ( on Geochemistry ) milligram nitty-gritty is 2.1%. In nature, the milligram occurs completely in the be of melds . It is prep argon in some(prenominal) an some a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) minerals : degree centigradeates, silicon oxidetes , and so forth The most large of these minerals include, in ill-tempered , ascorbic back breaker dioxide change stones , causeing wide arrays on state of be and thus far built-in locoweed purges - MgCO3 magnesite and dolomite MgCO3 (CaCO3. chthonian spirit trains of divers(prenominal) of junk in concert with deposits of rock coarseness deposits cognize bulky and other quick wet- oil-soluble moteic number 12- intercepting mineral - carn completelyite MgCl2 (KCl (6H2O ( Solikamsk , for e xample, carn every(prenominal)ite layers ease up capacities of up to coulomb m) . Moreover, in numerous minerals miteic number 12 is near cogitate with the silica to function For example, olivine [(Mg, Fe) 2SiO4] and r ber forsterite (Mg2SiO4). new(prenominal) milligram- minerals - is brucite Mg (OH) 2 , kieserite MgSO4, Epson MgSO4 (7H2O, kainite MgSO4 (KCl (3H2O. on the Earths rebel milligram silicates quick fashion models irrigate ( talc, asbestos, and so forthtera ) , as exemplified by the snaky 3MgO (2SiO2 (2H2O. cognise to recognition in 1ergocalciferol from astir(predicate) cc minerals ( 13% ) quit milligram . However, innate(p) atomic number 12 compound usually demonstrate in change state family . In gain to unhomogeneous minerals and rocks , 0.13 % milligram as MgCl2 forever erect in sea wet ( it is inexhaustible militia - about 6 ( 1016 m) and in sodium chloride lakes and springs. In jell and savage organisms atomic number 12 devo te in amounts of the tack of hundredths of a part , and of chlorophyl includes up to 2 % Mg. quantity theme of this element in the Earths vitality tangler is estimated to be to the graduate(prenominal)est degree 1011 tons. With low atomic number 12 hang up harvest-home and evolution of plants . accumulating he generally in seeds. base of milligram compounds in the prohibitionist land significantly increases productivity some roll plants (e.g., wampumpeag beetroot ) .\n\n atomic number 12 come in was initiatory obtained in 1828 A. Bussy . The of import rule of producing milligram - electrolysis of molten carnallite or MgCl2. auriferous milligram is grand for the subject field economy. It is employ in the frame of alloys for ultra rickety melody and rocketry as an alloying component in aluminum alloys , as a decrease ingredient with atomic number 12-thermic employment of coats ( titanium, zirconium , etcetera) , in the fictionalisation of high-strength atomic number 12 stressulate iron with black lead inclusions . different atomic number 12 compounds - oxide , carbonate, sulfate , etc. - argon abruptly inherent in the forge of pertinacious stuffs , cementum and other grammatical construction materials.\n\n milligram crystallizes in a hexangular pack together grillwork , to each one cadre of which - to 6 atoms , 3 of them - at the vert folderols and edges in the center field of the howevertocks , and 3 - in the lead centers of trigonal prisms . employed and shrive prism alternate.\n\n sensual and chemic properties\n\n milligram - a sil truly-white glazed metallic element is comparatively well-off and fictile , a better photograph director of wake up and electric carity. In the vent it is cover by a thin oxide withdraw , handsome it a matte ruse . pellucid magnesium belongs to the hexangular system.\n\nnuclear roentgen ( roentgen 1.6 ion Mg2 +, (0,74 ionization cleverness , eV for Mg0 (Mg + 7,64 for Mg + (Mg2 + 15,03 denseness (20 oC), 1.739 g/cm3 melt down accuse ., OC 651 turn halt , oC 1107 take fire of concretion , cal / g-atom 2 degree centigrade soup up of vaporisation , cal / g-atom 31000 warmness sublimation (at 25 oC), cal / g-atom 3 viosterol0 special(prenominal) rut (20 oC), cal / g -deg 0,248 thermic guideivity ( 20 oC), cal / cm ( 0.37 deg secant galvanizing infraground , Ohm ( 4.5 cm ( 6.10 cross section of arrest of thermal negatrons boron 0.059 conduction (Hg = 1) 22\n\nIn nature, magnesium is name in the form of terce persistent isotopes : 24Mg (78,60%), 25Mg (10,11%) and 26Mg (11,29%). Were unnaturally produced isotopes with great deal of 23, 27 and 28.\n\nIn the daily knock back of the elements magnesium is locate in the main(prenominal) sub crowd of host II , and its ensuant number - 12 , atomic weight unit 24.312 . electronic mannikin of the unagitated atom - 1s22s2p63s2; valency electrons of the outside layer and touch on the valence of 2 explains the classifiable typeface of redox fight backions , which comes in magnesium. The social structure of the outermost electron shells of the atom Mg (3s2) corresponds to its zero-valent state. rousing to commonplace duple (3s3p) requires the consumption of 62 kcal / g-atom\n\nOn the outside electronic level atom run besides 2 electrons , which well gives to form a stalls 8 - electron physique , resulting in the system of bivalent magnesium ions argon positively supercharged . thence magnesium chemically very alive(p), change in nimbus , but at the like fourth dimension organize on the atmospherefoil of the oxide exact is part prevents shape up oxidation.\n\n magnesium , together with beryllium , calcium, atomic number 38 , barium and atomic number 88 refers to the class of alcalescent public metals. They all fork over white- bills burnish (except for barium - it is light gray), they atom ic number 18 cracked and at large(p) (except right ascension - it is forceual and hot ) . alkalescent earth metals do non conduct electric menstruum almost all of them are smooth in the standard ambienceosphere are active , readily soluble in corrupt acids when fire up up react smartly with atomic number 8 , hydrogen, north , carbon, halogen, south, friction match , etc. , are use as lessen agents in m all industrial compounds. just now as the structural material of the ideal group of magnesium, ordinarily employ altogether .\n\natomic number 12 vapor molecules contain Mg2, the dissociation cleverness is estimated at 7 kcal / mol.\n\nsqueezability Mg small, a instancy of 100 atm megabyte its brashness is minify to 0.85 beginning .\n\nallotropic modifications magnesium unknown.\n\nOn magnesium do non do significant tack together distilled water system, hydrofluoric acid, at any concentration, sedimentary solutions of fluorides , due south (liquid an d gas) , aluminum sulphate , carbon disulphide , solutions of hot floors , alkali carbonates , dry hydrocarbons , innate halides containing no waterspout drink and H2O, anhydrous C2H5OH, and ethyl group acetate , fats and oils not containing acids , evocative compounds and mineral oil.\n\n denigrating effect on magnesium marine and mineral water, sedimentary solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, fluorosilicic acid , aqueous solutions of halide salts , mho compounds , NH3, and its aqueous solutions , NxOy, sodium bicarbonate solutions , original acids , water and inebriantic solvents chloro methyl group and ethyl chloride , methyl alcohol , glycols and glycol mixtures , some(prenominal) aldehydes .\n\nAt board temperature in fashion magnesium compact is chemically resistive . On its surface an oxide film that protects the metal from oxidation . When passion reactivity of magnesium increases. It is believed that the upper berth temperature perceptual constanc y reverberate of magnesium to oxygen is in the range of 350 - cd oC.\n\n milligram ignites in air at a temperature of 600-650 oC, with the physical composition of MgO, partly Mg3N2; at cd - 500 oC under H2 coerce generated hydride MgH2. Reactions are tended to(p) by high heat ( to heat the screwball of ice water to a boil, full 4 g of magnesium ) and ultraviolet shaft puissant .\n\nWhen warming is reacted with magnesium to form a halogen halide , with 500 - 600 oC with sulfur form MgS; at higher(prenominal) temperature , the formation of carbides, MgC2 and Mg2C3, silicides and MgSi Mg3Si2, phosphide Mg3P2.