Promoting Health in the Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Promoting Health in the Community - Essay ExampleRates for act suicide related to first gear register at a rate of 0.3% for men and 0.5% for women (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). These statistics in Australia be alarming which incidentally reflect similar rates in the global scene. To address the problems of depression in the country, causes, risk factors, and prevention in the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels will be discussed to include strategies to overcome some barriers. Causes of depression Depression is caused by various factors. One is the cumulative negative life experiences such as violence, chronic poverty, divorce, and death (Burns, Andrews, & Szabo, 2002). In the same study, adversities experienced by individuals specifically in adolescents during their teen age old age argon identified as another cause. Teenagers with poor interpersonal skills and with negative thoughts result in equal relationship difficulties and in coping with family issues (Robinson, et.al. 2008). In addition, the individuals cognitive qualities exert some crop into a persons interpretation of negative life events. ... Low self esteem is too considered a predictor of adolescent depression as reflected in their poor corporal and academic writ of execution in school. Individuals with poor social skills are likely to develop symptoms of depression of particular concern are those experiencing difficulties in maintaining social relationship (Cole, et.al. 2001). Lastly, workplace stress is also related to high incidents of depression. Potential health outcomes Depression can lead to a variety of health outcomes. First, it can bring about physical symptoms such as increased blood pressure, heart rate, palpitation, and headache which may result to stroke or heart attacks if it persists (Horn and Miller, 2008). Second, it alters the emotional aspect as evident in the person experiencing sadness, irritability, mood swings, and hostility. Next, it affects behaviour s o that the person starts blaming others, becomes defensive among others. Eventually, it alters the cognitive dimension of the person predisposing him to poor memory, excessive daydreaming, trouble concentrating, and preoccupation. Prevention strategies elemental prevention Primary prevention involves reducing the incidences of the disorder to include modifying risk factors. Initially, the individual should involve herself in sport activities of his interest. Such physical activity may not only maintain physical health but it diverts the brain from processing depressive thought (Weaver, 2009) and it also turn off the mind from boring day-by-day routines. Another is to practice relaxation exercises like yoga, meditation, and listening to soft music since these may unwind and recharge the body and soul. Exercise for adult has become a part of community

Why Should you learn another language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Should you learn an different spoken communication - look for ExampleToday English is the official language in a large identification number of countries, an estimated number of people in the world that use English in communication or a veritable(a) base is 2 billion, so by studying English one become part of this various(a) large population that uses English in their day today activities and communicate with citizens of most of countries in the globe, without some(prenominal) confusion in expressing our feeling and thinking (Halliday pp 38).Worldwide business argon conducted in English, with the advent of outsourcing, bilingualism is utilize as a useful skill this makes the scope for employment much wider for those who speak English in foreign countries. successful functionality in international business require communication with other people through with(predicate) email, memos and reports which should be written in English hence the need to understand and express thou ghts and ideas in English. The other importance of language is that it create a greater opportunity for a job moreover, with an enough add of knowledge In English, the possibility of promotion in position is ever higher (Halliday, pp 38).In breeding research and academics there is an existence of over 2000 universities and colleges this implies that above 400 billion dollars are spent any year on research, by taking the example of US alone it offers an incredible array of opportunities to those who are able to function in an English only environment. English knowledge opens doors for study abroad and take access to more variety of educational courses, this equip one with the desired skills and knowledge that makes one conversant(predicate) with the world trend academically (Alamin pp 2-345).Another importance of studying English language is that English is the language of technology and science, genetics, medicine and also computer science so if anyone is interested in any of th is handle then

Economic Health Memo Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic Health Memo - Term penning ExampleIn fact, gross domestic product is very easy to game (Ritholtz, 2010). You simply under-report inflation, and GDP appears to be wagerer than it is. Since inflation depends on counting the value of a good last year and doing so across many goods to make sure that its non just one or two goods that grew in outlay for other reasons, theres a lot of subjectivity and uncertainty in making it. GDP is also not as helpful as it could be beca do it positively counts negative externalities (Ritholtz, 2010). That means that pollution, which is a bad thing, is counted as a good thing be score it makes people spend money to go to the doctor or acquire new houses to move. If you buy a car, the GDP goes up. If you cut a tree, the GDP goes up. entirely if you preserve the tree, the GDP does not grow. Now you have to decide whether you need the tree or the GDP (Sharma, 2010). Thus, it is hard to use the GDP to predict the business cycle, and economist s are looking for a better indicator of economic health. financial policies are guided by economic facts and by measures like the GDP As weve seen already, the GDPs inadequacies can cause lawmakers concerned only with increasing the GDP to increase externalities such as injured workers, ecological damage, and health costs as a byproduct, and not reap the consequences or even be aware of them. But what about fiscal policy and unemployment? The jury is out as to whether bring down or increasing taxes, reducing or increasing spending, etc. is better for production and employment.

The Market System and the Circular Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Market System and the Circular Flow - Essay ExampleThe subject of the invisible commit suggests that when competition is assumed, public and private interests coincides. The visible hand also suggests that if the profits of the firms ar maximized, the societys output would in return be maximized.The visible hand scheme has both main virtues in the marketing system where it creates room for economic freedom and allocates resources effectively and efficiently. The invisible hand theory also suggests that it is individuals motivation that drives the growth and development of the economy. EcoCommerce101 suggests that invisible hand theory should the concept of transaction among two individuals. The generated information is absorbed by the two economic participants, therefore, allowing proper allotment of resources. Individuals will always try to produce and provide best goods and services that the people are ordain and able to buy therefore, promoting the interests of the soci ety (Basu, 2010). Meanwhile, the government is also responsible in regulating the types of businesses to be formal in a certain region to avoid congestion. The government uses the idea of imposing high taxes to its resources. Conclusively, it does not mean invisible hand is only beneficial to the economy, but the participants might also experience

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Response Paper - Essay ExampleIn this worrisome scenario, the news published in the Daily Mail that 100,000 jobs would be created by Britains programme of create new nuclear great power stations (Mcghie, Mail Online, 12th March 2011) should have brought immense cheer. nevertheless it does not do so. On the contrary, the subject is highly debatable. In the nuclear sector, it is both expensive and era consuming to train professionals with the good skills. Only a long-term approach could achieve this. However, in the budget 2011, according to experts, the chancellor has not fully addressed the issue of skills development which is an important facilitator of growth in enterprise (Recruiter, 24 March 2011). Effective policies to reduce unemployment invariably need to encourage the employability of the workforce so that the unemployed possess the right skills to avail of the new job opportunities. Also, a sustained full stop of frugal growth is required to create new jobs, especiall y in the energy sector. Experience has shown that a maturation economy creates fresh jobs and provides employment opportunities for the unemployed people. For instance, the period from 1993-2001 which saw sustained economic growth in the UK also was a period of significant increase in employment levels. Therefore, in the current period of low economic growth in the UK, the claims made by Areva, the worlds biggest reactor maker which is building quadruple reactors for Electricite de France (EDF), two in Hinckley Point, Somerset, and two in Sizewell, Suffolk, and reported in the Daily Mail as referred above, of knowledgeability of substantial numbers of jobs does not sound true. Furthermore, Areva also predicts that British companies will be responsible for 80 per cent of the manufacturing work. But, in reality, due to non-availability of suitably trained personnel within the country, engineering and manufacturing organisations are ofttimes dependent on consummate hands brought in from overseas. Efforts made now to spot and train the right talent will only start to provide the feedstock for the nuclear community 10 to 15 historic period hence. Besides, the time frame needed to plan, build and commission a new nuclear power generating eagerness is well-nigh 20 to 30 years. This is a much(prenominal)-too-long period to create jobs to fight current unemployment in Britain. fit to BBC News, Nuclear power stations currently generate 20% of UK electricity but they are to the highest degree all facing decommission (23 January 2006). Which means that within the next 10 years, possibly only about 80% of the total electric power needed will be produced. According to EDF, the two proposed nuclear power plants at Hinkley Point C would be capable of supplying enough electricity for slightly five million homes. During construction, each new nuclear plant potentially provides an average of 1,400 to 1,800 jobs (the number is much higher during peak construction). And, once they are operational, the new power stations would support around 900 unchangeable direct jobs besides many more indirect jobs. The permanent jobs are all highly skilled jobs consisting of reactor operators, radiation protection specialists, and nuclear, mechanical and electrical engineers (Nuclear Enery Institute, 2010). The important point to be noted is that the motivation is for people with the right skills to support both the construction and operation of the new generation of nuclear power stati

Ethical thinking arise from the news reporting - Nude photos of Assignment

Ethical thinking bear from the news reporting - Nude photos of Jennifer Lawrence and other celebs posted by hackers - Assignment ExampleThe availability of culture and sizeable technological innovations has added to its utility.Presently lives have become increasingly hectic and competitive. No one boodle to double think before acquiring an opportunity to eat from someone elses plate without having to take a leak for it. Undeserved benefits, easy money and respectful back seats of power argon craved by eitherone. Those who do manage to get their hands on such power are slowly hook to the uselessness. They put on guises of importance but mostly just eat the profit from the jobs executed by their subordinates. Call that inhumane verbally, but thats the mode of operation in leading firms and organisations. Unlawful devour of assets is often masked by a greater degree of deceptive backbone. You have strong sources or friends with powerful seats? Eat all you want. The world is yours .The leaked photos of Jennifer Lawrence, as many blogs and online networking sites are rampant about, are a breach of law and definitely categorised immoral (Steinberg,2014). Hackers either do these things as a sale pitch for their abilities or as a means to blackmail their chosen party. They have no sense of responsibility but can find well developed and easily accentuated excuses. They attain entree to a persons work station and from there every folder, every document and every picture is their property and for the world to see. These hackers believe that all information, whatever the type, needs to be shared.The cultural base should therefore be very strong to cope with internal issues as well to aid in a strong clientele formation. The employees have a greater influence on the organisational culture, and it is a self-coloured part which cannot be easily moulded once formulated. The major role is played by the executive regime in outlining the culture while the employees have to adhere to it as a whole

Algebra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Algebra - Essay ExampleAfter doing the calculations (shown above), the answers to the first two expressions turned out to be identical. This is because twain the expressions are identities as shown belowThe third expression consisted of a fraction, and both were work outd simultaneously. After both the values were plugged in the fraction and the final fraction was obtained, it was reduced to its lowest terms by dividing the numerator and the denominator by a common divisor which in this brass was 3. take the following five math vocabulary rowing into your discussion. Use bold font to emphasize the words in your writing (Do non write definitions for the words use them appropriately in sentences describing your math work.)The formula to calculate dose for a child is where D is the adult dosage and a is the childs age. In order to solve the equation, the given values should be substituted in place of the variables. For part a, D = 75 and a = 5.Incorporate the following five math vocabulary words into your discussion. Use bold font to emphasize the words in your writing (Do not write definitions for the words use them appropriately in sentences describing your math work.)To stipulate the equation of a line, gradient and the y-intercept is required. A parallel line has the same slope as the airplane pilot line but do not pass through any point of the original line. In the case of y = x + 4, the slope is 1, therefore a parallel line would also ca-ca the same slope. The y-intercept is found by plugging the values in the ordered pair. The equation of the parallel line is y = x+8. On the other hand, a perpendicular line cuts the line in such a way that a right angle is formed at the point of intersection. The product of the gradients of the perpendicular lines is allude to -1, which means that the gradient of the perpendicular line is negative reciprocal of the gradient of the original line. In the case of the given equation, the perpendicular line

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Paper - set about ExampleThe most suitable grand strategy for Hawaiian Airlines in this case will be concentrated growth. (Galor, 2005).The grand strategy of Hawaiian Airlines asks the division of the main hire into a bend of major(ip) objectives that will gel together to achieve the overall strategy. This will include a number of pine term objectives through which the organization will be able to achieve their main objective which is the step-down of their debt and raising additional capital (Weil, 2008). The achievement of these both objectives will lead to the accomplishment of the main aim which is the expansion and growth of the airline (Debraj, 2008). The grand strategy thus will consist of methods in which these two can be obtained in the most effective way. Though these objectives may have a number of sub-aims within themselves, the grand strategy will focus on the main objective itself and how to ensure it is achieved (Weil, 2008). With this in mind, the grand strategy can be designed as suchThis objective will contend adept skills in accounting if the aim of 25% is to be achieved in the amount of time allocated (5 years). reduction the company debt can be done through a number of ways that will involve the management of the organizations funds and may require the company to tighten its belt in certain areas (Galor, 2005). These ways include, increasing the premium amount that is being paid during the agreed periods of time with their debtors. This cast up can be within the realms of 5% and 10% which will make a big discrimination in the long run (Debraj, 2008). A second means is cutting on unnecessary be and expenditure to ensure that the current debt does not grow any larger. This may involve the cutting of cost such as paid vacations for the period of time that the debt is being reduced (Weil, 2008). The cutting of costs and ontogenesis of debt amount paid will mean that the money accrued will be paid im pinge on faster than was previously possible

Family Care International Company Analysis Statistics Project

Family Care supranational Company Analysis - Statistics Project ExampleThe importance of a not-for-profit organization is that it helps in the phylogeny and the betterment of living of certain individuals within a society. Their role is important in providing assistance to the commonwealth wherein they seek of gaining profit and most of the times are voluntarily made by the members of the group. Will you do a strategic planning framework? The strategy to be employed for this project is a process measure, wherein the project forget present the internal and external environment of the organization, the strategic points employed by it and likewise the increased and also analyzing the performance of the organization in helping people who it intends to help. Performance measures are objective, duodecimal indicators of various aspects of the performance of public programs and ripenncies. Basically the mission of FCI is to launch women groups who will help women and children in Afri understructure countries and assure that their family life will be properly protected by them. The plan will be for the entire organization, that is, it will help the institution to assess their performance and improve it for the future. Basically, the rigid laws governing the nonprofit organizations regarding their handling of money and the tax exemption can affect on their productivity. Thus, the organization may wipe out a hard time to continue their operations and processing of data within the organization will be slow. Productivity and innovation will be difficult as the laws make it hard for them to do it. The plan will follow the following outline About FCIA. Mission b. Principles and Activities Internal Environment of FCI outdoor(a) Environment of FCI Models of Management of FCI Performance of FCI This project will adopt a qualitative method wherein the researcher will have to talk personally to the staff of FCI to be able to assess their knowledge towards their witness mission and organization. This style is more feasible in aiming of a collective response and personal get down in obtaining the needed data for the study. Qualitative style can help the researcher analyze how FCI can better help the people and obtain their objectives. PART 2 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan The stakeholders accommodate The World Bank, non-governmental organizations (World Vision and Action Aid International), World Health Organization, health experts (Medical doctors, clinical officers and nutritionists), women and children below the age of 14 years, as well as the government (US Government). The place of each stakeholder on the power vs. cheer grid below Low-High Women & children (below the age of 14 years) High-high World Bank World Health Organization nongovernmental organizations (Above mentioned) Low-low Health experts (Med

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marketing plan - Essay ExampleSince the beginning of the competition, the company has decided to cum up with divergent ways of reaching out to its potential customers. So far the company has chartered Fallon worldwide and advertisement agencies in Minneapolis to develop new market place strategies for their products. Since its introduction in automotive empyrean in 1916, BMW Company has come up with different products in the sector (Martin, Fabian, and Josh 2002A) The Company is overly known for producing and marketing a range of sporty and higher end motorcycles and cars. Despite investing on cars and motorcycles, the company has also embarked on aircraft engine known as Rolls Royce. The company global subsidiaries and manufacturing plants are fit(p) in Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Egypt, Vietnam United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia and Germany. All this plants have very concrete and productive marketing bring and strategies. Currently, th e company is as well operating its financial cooperate which offers financial assistance to potential customers. This marketing plan is based on a 4C framework of credibility, consistency, competitiveness and clarity as BMW strives to enhance its market niche in Japan and China. Credibility refers to continued use of reliable information to customers and all the conditions of exchange will be upheld. Moreover, BMW will continue to make luxurious vehicles that will meet customer ineluctably and will strive to gain competitiveness in the new market. Moreover, the channels of distribution used by the company will be clear. 2.0 Introduction Since producing its first car, BMW has grown significantly marketing its products in different parts of the world. 1,366,838 cars of different models were produced by BMW group in 2006 and this figure rose to 1,481,253 in 2010. Moreover, the company has been producing motorcycles since 1916 and does its work in different countries of the world inc luding Mexico, China, Russia, UK, Australia, US and South Africa. However, it only started producing cars in China 2008 as shown in the table below. Table1 showing BMW vehicle production from 2005 to 2010 Year BMW Rolls-Royce MINI 2005 1,122,308 692 200, 119 2006 1,179,317 874 186,674 2007 1,302,774 1029 237,700 2008 1,203,482 1417 235,019 2009 1,043,829 918 213,670 2010 1,236,989 3221 241,043 Source (BMW Group 2011A) 56 percent of the total BMW branded vehicle are petrol cater as the remaining are powered using diesel. 27 percent of the vehicles powered by petrol have four cylinders while another(prenominal) 9 percent have eight cylinders. 2.1 Market overview So far the company has to a immense extent succeeded in its marketing strategy. The success is highly attributed by functional and consistent marketing strateg

Environmental Law, The regulation of Air Quality Essay

Environmental Law, The regulation of Air Quality - Essay ExampleThese atomic number 18 important in order to find out any weak points in the regulations, to check for executable improvements in laws, and to obtain sufficient data to support or debunk regulations as needed.As such, initiating test runs for these policies and regulations post contribute to long-term solutions to air quality issues by supporting efforts to implement these at the earliest realizable time.For the last four decades, sources of large-scale air pollutants such as cement factories and petroleum drilling sites were determine to pose high hazards in greatly-affecting air quality for large areas. However, in recent decades the contribution of automobile emissions were also seen as sources of particulate matter and greenhouse gases due to the gasoline combustion process in these vehicles. These results prompted the US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA to create regulations for the reduction of toxic po llutants and the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. The sure-fire reduction of air pollutants were tied with the implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1970, and at present has rock-bottom emissions by up to two-thirds of emission rates during the 1960s (Costa, 2011). However, the EPA still recognizes the need to throw out reduce vehicle emission rates through the generation of greener automobile technologies, thus the initiation of the National Program to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy for cars to be released in the years 2017-2025, which are based on the standards under the Clean Air Act (US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, 2013). It is expected that through the implementation of these new emission standards, carbon dioxide emissions willing be reduced to an average of 163g/mile, there will be lesser dependence on oil due to higher efficiency rates, and in good turn will benefit consumers a net of $3,400 to $5, 000 worth of fuel

West Side Story, Porgy, and Bess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

West Side Story, southern porgy, and Bess - Essay ExamplePorgy and Bess is a musical depiction that is set among the black residents of South Carolina. The black residents stay in a fishing village in South Carolina (Fisher, 29). Bess is a black woman who wants to break up with her husband become he is a murder suspect. Porgy is a cripple who stays in the town of Catfish Row, who falls in passion with Bess. Bess is a beautiful woman who finds herself addicted to drugs because of frustrations. She has several suitors, and she is at the mercy of the community members. Porgy ends up killing Crown when he returns to try winning the love of Bess. The two celluloids talk about the theme of love. It is evident that the film West Side Story talks about the idea of love with the principal actor Riff falling in love with a girl from a jibe group of individuals. The riff is born in the neighborhood, and his gang controls the streets (Lehman et al. 69). The Sharks is a rival gang from Puert o Rico, and they hate the spurt gangs. The two agree to meet secretly because of their respective positions in society. Their love grows deep, and this relationship hurts the people somewhat them even more. On the other hand, Bess is the protagonist in the movie Porgy and Bess. It is because the whole plot of the movie revolves around her. She falls in love with Crown, who is a suspect in a murder. Crown flees and leaves Bess frustrated. She gets heterogeneous with drugs and later Porgy falls in love with her. Catfish Row accepts the presence of Bess, and it makes her happy. Nobody was unstrained to offer shelter to Bess except Porgy. Porgy goes jail and upon his return to the area he finds out that, on that point is no presence of Bess. He later finds out that Bess had left for New York with Sportin Life. Sporting Life is atomic number 53 of the suitors of Bess, who introduces her to drugs.

International financil markts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International financil markts - Essay ExampleThe financial manager plays on a global stage and must comprehend how global financial markets function and how to assess afield investments (Brealey and Myers, 2003, p.10). This study will address the theoretical justification as well as practical finish of portfolio theory and capital asset pricing model with respect to an investor or fund manager.In secern to identify with risk-return trade-off, we view risks of the asset returns of single(a)s. Risks in individual asset returns have 2 parts - dictatorial risks and non-systematic risk. Systematic risks are non-diversifiable whereas the non-systematic risks are diversifiable. To eliminate the non-systematic risks, integrity can form portfolios. Instead of single individual assets, the investors opt for portfolio diversification. The investors main concern is about the systematic risks. The return on assets pays off for systematic risks (Jiang, 2003, p. 3).A little diversification ca n present a considerable lessening in variability. Suppose one computes and evaluates the standard deviations of arbitrarily selected one-stock or two-stock portfolios. A high gear percentage of the investments would be in the stocks of small corporations and separately very risky. However, diversification can slash the unpredictability of returns by about fifty percent. Diversification whole shebang since prices of various stocks do not move perfectly together (Brealey and Myers, 2003, p.166).The chore of the investor is to select a portfolio. allow the payoff of his portfolio be X, so its price or value is . He will consume . Thus, his problem isThe initial wealth constraint is satisfied by the Lagrange multiplier, . The investor will invest less in high priced stock and invest more in the low priced stock. Risk aversion, or curvature of the utility function,

Software for wireless devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Softw atomic number 18 for wireless devices - Essay interpreterThe software developers have to anticipate special requirements and design the system divers(prenominal)ly such as by re-designing the software program to deal with a limited memory, for example.The five major software components necessary in restless computing include 1) mobile operating system such as Microsoft, Symbian, Linux, and other specialized operating systems, 2) a mobile application user interface which is the application logic in mobile devices to operate the various interface devices such as a mini-joystick, touch screen, thumb wheel, and jog dial, 3) the microbrowsers which are actually similar to standard Internet browsers but specially adapted to deal with the limitations in the memory, bandwidth, and small display screens of mobile devices, 4) the wireless application protocol or WAP which is the suite of network protocols to enable different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP-readable files on an Internet-connected Web server, and 5) various mark-up languages which is also an area that lacks a single uniform standard examples of competing standards are wireless markup language (WML), the compact hypertext markup language (cHTML), and extensible hypertext markup language

Cold war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cold war - quiz ExampleThe domestic influence of the Cold War brought to their prominent leadership anti-communist presidents such as Truman, Kennedy, and Nixon who non only waged political and cultural battle with the Soviet Union, but also fought with the latter in the exploit to achieve greater favor for the American economy. Though the nature of Cold War bore domestic consequences upon local affairs, political battles between the Soviet Union and the United States were mostly staged on an multinational level. By the time Sputnik took off, most schools functioned as fighting grounds in allowing intellectual ideas to flourish over ideological conflicts of the 50s and this incident drew education to a sense of drastic reformation that appeared to radicalize certain schools of thoughts in various levels. Democratic enthusiasts would normally stress that acquisition of good scholastic foundation was beyond primary winding necessity, being an accountability and contribution to g aining victory over the communists so that state and federal sovereignties expressed entertain through generous funding of academic institutions. Fields of maths and sciences had been able to receive more than fit financial assistance with adequate books and facilities.

Institute Cargo Clauses Essay Example for Free

Institute Cargo Clauses EssayYatch Insurance entails providing coverage for deprivationes incurred on pleasure craft and too includes liability coverage. Cargo Insurance has a broader scope, which I corroborate in mind to weigh into more, as far as insurance coverage is concerned. It is a contract under written on the Institute Cargo Clauses offering coverage on an A, B or C basis. Whereas on the on hand A offers a wide cover, C on the opposite offers a relatively circumscribed one.Institute Cargo Clause A stipulates that the insurer give, upon the incurrence of the loss insured against, cover for completely the damage to the undefended proceeds insured. It is however important to note that all damage in this picky contingency is used to refer only to accidental loss and not that which would eventuate from intentional acts or that are inevitable. Some of the losses that would be excluded from the coverage of this cargo clause include The above mentioned exclusions are substituted by two other clauses The War and Strikes Exclusion Clause and The Unoceanworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause.Given the genius of structure of the Institute Cargo Clauses B and C, it is important, in the interest of an exhaustive analysis, to look into the content of C forrader that of B. This is attributable to the fact that to a large extent the content of clause B subsumes that of C and has additional provisions. Institute Cargo Clauses C cover damage to the insured that is attributable to The insurance also provides coverage for damage or loss to the insured caused by jettison.This covers scenarios where, for instance, a station caught in a tempestuous sea has to throw into the pissing certain cargo in the interest of keeping it directionless and protect the remaining. (Donald, OMay. Julian, H. 2003) The B clauses provide coverage for all that is available in the C clauses but stretches farther to include coverage for loss or damage to the subject ma tter insured that may make do about as a consequence of volcanicity, lightening or earthquakes and other tectonic disturbances. It also covers loss caused by Total loss of any package lost overboard or while onus onto or unloading out of the vessel. Washing overboard. Entry of sea, lake or river water into the vessel or storage place. The clauses entailed in B provide for enormous additional coverage that include, among numerous others, river or sea water and accidents in loading and unloading. It is discernible, however, that there is a vaccum left as far as coverage for theft, slant failure and shortages are concerned. The contract that would be most ideal for the delight operator in headway is the Cargo Insurance, clauses C.These clauses offer a provision that distinctly caters for loss or damage incurred by the subject matter insured due to collision or destructive contact with other vessels while on voyage. The greatest concern being the damage it may cause to other sh ips and third party property, the ship owner would have to bear in the mind the work framework of the contract as influenced by the Hulls and Machinery( HM) and the Protection and Indemnity Clubs( PI) stipulations. (Donaldson, E. 2000), Marine insurance can be divided into two broad categories vas and Cargo.The insurance of vessels is known as Hull and Machinery (HM). Cover is provided either on voyage or sequence basis such that under the time basis, a vessel or cargo is covered for a given duration whereas under the voyage basis, the vessel or cargo is covered for voyage mingled with ports set out in the insurance policy. Protection and Indemnity Clubs came into existence much later as compared to the Hull and Machinery. Up until the 19th century, a marine policy covered only cardinal share (75%) of the insureds liability towards the third party.In this respect typical liabilities arose a lot lots from running down which refers to collision with another ship in transit, all ision which refers to collision with a fixed heading and wreck removal. In the 19th century ship owners came together forming mutual under writing clubs and thusly the inception of the Protection and Indemnity Clubs (PI). Their strategic intent in that inception was to insure the remaining twenty-five percent (25%) that up until that moment was unless to be catered for by the insurers.The clubs work on the basis of registering ship owners as members who remit a premium which goes towards accumulating a fund with which reinsurance is subsequently purchased. With this in mind it would be a word of sound advice to the ship owner in question to register membership, if he/she is yet to, with a credible Protection and Indemnity Club so as to ensure one nose candy percent (100%) coverage of liability to third parties should the hazard occur. (Donaldson, E. 2000),Membership to these clubs, whichever place in the world, is highly wise as their coverage comes handy in aiding to offset lia bility that occurred without the ship owners notice. A good cuticle in point is the case, Thatcher vs. Schell, 2005 BCSC 1121. It involved the accident amid a 19 motorboat and a 26 sailboat in operation(p) under power at dusk on Okanagan Lake. Both vessels were destroyed and the occupants uphold injuries. The owner of the motorboat argued that the failure of the sailboat to have appropriate running lights and in its failure to moment to starboard before the collision as stipulated by the regulations.On the other hand the owner of the sailboat argued that the collision was a consequence of the motorboats over speeding and failure to maintain a proper view of its environs. It emerged to be undeniable that the driver of the motorboat had not seen the sailboat until immediately before the accident and failed to take the necessary steps to prevent it. All evidence having been reviewed, it was found as a fact that the lighting of the sailboat had not been proper as required and that had caused the collision.In a case such as this one where many an(prenominal) would have easily found themselves heaping blame on the owner of the motorboat the scales of justice found the reverse to be the case. In such scenarios as in many others the coverage of Protection and Indemnity Clubs play a very significant role in the complementing of the seventy-five percent coverage provided by the Institute Cargo Clauses C. (Rose,F. 2004) The case, De Merchant Estate vs. Price, 2001 NBQB 98, 2001 N. B. J No. 328 will perhaps bring to the fore what many would think to be an impossibility.The case involved collision between a sailboat under power and a small runboat in a narrow channel. The internality of the case was the question of liability and apportionment. The ruling judge found both parties at fault, a matter that posed very awkward an implication. Whereas the operator of the sailboat was faulted for not having the proper lights, failing to operate on the required side of the c hannel and failing to take evasive action, the owner of the runboat was at fault for operating his vessel under the influence of alcoholic liquor.In a case where either of the two parties would have hoped to leave unscathed by the rod of justice hence evade the charge of liability, both hide victim of it. In both cases mentioned above, the necessity of insurance coverage that caters for liability to third persons on sea cannot be underplayed. Losses can be of unanticipated magnitude and hence very costly to the apt(p) party. Of equal significance is the role played by the Protection and Indemnity Clubs (PI).It is an inception that has relievingly bailed out many from the twenty-five percent cost of liability which would be, in many cases, quite laden. The ship owner in question, seeking insurance cover for liabilities it may incur for the damage that it may cause to ship and other third party property, would best be advised to opt for cargo insurance clauses C and to pass on it b y being part of a Protection and Indemnity club. (Brown, R. H. 2004).

Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay Example for Free

Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen study1. The definition of an heathenish group is a group of people of the same race or nationality that make prohibited the same cultural norms and values. 2. Three ways in which the education system whitethorn encourage musical interval between children of different ethnic backgrounds atomic number 18 Labelling and teacher racism, many teachers label their students and studies by interactionist sociologists found out that many teachers labelled b wish children as disruptive and they didnt want them in their class. A nonher ground is the ethnocentric curriculum. Troyna and Williams describe the curriculum in British teachs as ethnocentric because it gives priority to white nicety and the English language this causes separation between white pupils and other ethnic pupils. A final intellect is the selection and segregation available to takes. David Gillborn argues that marketization has given schools greater scope to select pup ils. This puts some ethnic nonage pupils at a disadvantage because selection gives more scope for negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions.3. There are many ways in which factors in childrens home background may rent to differences in achievement levels between ethnic groups. The first way is cultural deprivation this is fork into 3 aspects. The first is intellectual and lingual skills. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many children from low-income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. Bereiter and Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income black American families as myopic for educational success.The next aspect is attitudes and values. Cultural deprivation theorists say that some black children are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic live for toady attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success. The final aspect of cultural deprivation is family str ucture and parental support. Daniel Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence seizure of a male breadwinner.Also Ken Pryce claims that Asians are higher achievers because their cukture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. However, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. As a result, many balck pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Another reason is Material deprivation and class. match to Flaherty Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are over three times more liable(predicate) than whites to be in the poorest fifth of the population, as a result statistics show that Pakistani and Bangladeshi boys are among the lowest ethnic groups in the country to obtain 5 A-C GCSEs.A final reason is racism in wider society. David stonemason says discrimination is a continuing and per sistent feature of the experience of Britains citizens of minority ethnic origin. 4. The differences in educational attainment between different groups of pupils have been a major focus of much sociological research. These differences can often be seen to be largely due to different social class, but to a fault gender or ethnicity. Social class is the most significant and dominant factor when looking at these differences, but ethnicity also has a relative impact on educational achievementEducation has a key role to play in eradicating racism and valuing diversity and it a responsibility for all educational establishments, including those with few or no ethnic minority pupils. Promoting racial tinctity demands a whole school approach and commitment from all those who are involved in the life and work of their school. Racism is think to the educational achievement of minority ethnic groups, however the connections are complex.Gilborn and Mirza conclude that social class and gende r differences are also associated with differences in attainment but neither can account for persistent rudimentary ethnic inequalities comparing like with like, African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils do not enjoy equal opportunities. They also argue that in promoting educational inclusion as a means of raising standards, at that place is a need for clarity and guidance in translating the commitment to equality and inclusion into policy proposals and reading at the local and school level.Many cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of under-achievement. Gordon Bowker identifies their lack of standard English as a major barrier to progress in education and integration into wider society. However the Swann Report found that language was not a major factor in under-achievement. Other cultural deprivation theorists suc as Charles Murray argue that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role m odels lead to the under-achievement of some minorities.Also Anthony Flew believes that ethnic differences in achievement stem from cultural differences outside the education system, not discrimination within it. However Geoffrey Driver criticises the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family, far from being dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong independent wome Driver argues this is why black girls tend to be more successful in education than black boys.Some socilogists that the ethnic differences in education are cause by racism. John Rex shows how racial discrimination leads to social ejection and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. In housing, for instance, discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard acoomodation than white people of the same class. This creates separation due to the ethnic children not being able to study at home and therefore getting lower grades than the white children who are able to study at home.

The Glass Menagerie Essay Example for Free

The Glass Menagerie EssayThroughout The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams creates an intricate alive(p) between the three main characters, as well as symbols and symbolic language in put together to exemplify the fragility of livelihood. Without a single one of the members of the Wingfield family the others lives would be dramatically different. a great deal as the collection of glass menagerie would not be the same collection without one of its worlds. As many collectors know the presence or absence of one item hindquarters drastically potpourri the value of the whole collection. So also is a family unit, as one member affects the others, they form an identity they become accustomed to and often cling to.Amanda exemplifies how vital it is that a family unit stay loyal. After Mr. Wingfield disappeared her deportment has become a constant struggle in order to survive, a far cry from the low-spirited Mountain setting she idolizes in her past. Amanda symbolizes a downfall , but she also symbolizes drive for her children, encouraging Laura to blossom into something that they can both be proud of and encouraging Tom to carry his job and support his family until they can jib for themselves at least. Laura symbolizes caution and instability through the first five acts. She failed out of her class, that was a hope for a better future, because of her fear and doesnt let herself actually try to engage in social interactions for fear that she will be inadequate in anothers eyes. Without Laura to feel sorry for and take negociate of Tom most likely would have left Amanda on her own in Mr. Wingfields footsteps a long time ago.Tom represents unrest and boredom, but he also provides the money and stability for the family to keep living in its present state. Though Tom is un unclouded he still gets up in the morning and performs his duties knowing that he is a key member of their family unit, or the most valuable piece in the collection. When Tom and Amandas fight breaks some of the pieces of the Glass menagerie it symbolizes the breaking of a family unit, fashioning it less valuable. As the pieces are easy to break so is the bond that holds thefamily together as Mr. Wingfield showed how easy it was to separate this bond. As Tom distances himself the strength of the bond becomes less and less strong and it is only a matter of time before it breaks if it is not mended.

Proposal on Energy Audit Essay Example for Free

purpose on Energy Audit EssayProposal Energy Audit An energy audit is an inspection, inspect and analysis of energy, flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the beat of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s). Energy audit identifies opportunities for financial savings by elimination of wasteful use of electricity, coal and fuel oil, without affecting the process or quality of product. quest for Energy Audit It has been established that Energy savings of the order of 5 to 20% are contingent by optimizing use of Energy with better house keeping, low cost retrofitting measures and use of Energy in effect(p) equipment at the time of replacement, renovation or up gradation. Pakistan Electrical Energy Scenario Electrical power is thus the blood supply to the muscles of our industrial and informational societies.We take the ready availability of electricity for granted as a source of light, propulsion, heat and ref rigeration and only seem to notice its importance if it is suddenly unavailable. Our information and telecommunications systems, our stock systems and modern medicine all depend on electricity as an energy source. The economic engine and the wheels of industry, agriculture and business need energy to move forward. On the social aspect, energy consumption per capita is a key indicator of the quality of life of the citizens and community.Unfortunately in Pakistan, in spite of all claims and empty words by all governments, real solutions to meet the energy equirements of the nation have never been formulated or achieved. As a consequence, Pakistans economic, industrial and social growth has been greatly constrained. Due to an increasing disruption in energy demand versus capacity. The crisis, of course, postulate long-term energy generation solutions. But it also needs immediate energy conservation. And one important way of doing this is through Energy auditHESCO Profile HESCO is a public utility company, providing electricity to the entire Sindh province, except for Karachi and parts of the Thatta district. HESCO was incorporated in 1998 under the Companies rule 1984. My research leads to Energy Audit of particular Industry that comes in Hyderabad Circle of Hesco. Area of Operations of HESCO Hyderabad Circle-I (5 Divisions, 22 Sub-Divisions) Hyderabad Circle-II

Korean Creation Myth Essay Example for Free

Korean Creation allegory EssayMuch as the African myth explaining the creation of its society included a talk mountain god who once lived on earth (Parrinder, African Mythology) does my own myth, based on Korean culture, explain the foundation of matchless society peopled with characters of strength and fortitude. Long before earth was populated, cougar and Mouse lived in a cave high over a verdant valley in the region of Mount Taebaeksan on the border between Manchuria and what is now North Korea. There was water system flowing in the streams and sun shining on the trees and grass but this was not enough for lynx and Mouse. Although they spent their time playing games and singing songs, they were lonely for additional company. The God of All and Ruler of promised land Huan-an had a son, Huan-gun, who was also discontent with his own life confined to the heavens. He yearned to live on dry land amongst the valleys and the mountains. Huan-an agreed to honor his sons wishes based on the requirement that he produce a population of humans worthy of this big(p) gift who would live in the beautiful, mountainous countryside of Mount Taebaeksan in happiness. painter and Mouse watched from their cave as Huan-gun arrived with his heavenly ministers who created clouds, rain, and wind to keep the valley on a lower floor green and lush. I want to live low-spirited there, said Mouse one day, scampering to the edge of his cave and watching Huan-angs work with great fascination. and become human. Then let us go down the mountain and talk to the god, suggested Panther. Huan-gun watched the two approach. The panther descended the mountain warily, watching where he placed his paws while the purloin scampered happily in and out amongst the boulders and trees.They crossed the stream with Mouse hanging on to Panthers back and stood before Huan- gun to plead their case. To become humans you must first eat and the herbs in this bag. Huan- gun handed the animals a leat her satchel. And you must return to your cave, staying out of the temperateness and rain, for one hundred days straight. For the next fortnight, Huan- gun observed the progress of the animals. He thought that surely Panther would be strong and fearless and triumph over Mouse to win the challenge he had presented. scarcely after only 50 days, Panther emerged from the cave, blinking his big black eyes in the sun. I cannot do it, Panther declared. Huan-gun sent him back to the forest. After 100 days, Mouse came out of the cave. As sunlight touched Mouses body, it was transformed into that of a beautiful adult female with long black fuzz and soft brown eyes. Huan-gun was pleased. Mouse had proved to be strong and possessed of great fortitude. He took the womans hand and together they lived in the valley. Huan-gun and his mortal wife produced many children and ruled the land with great compassion.Huan-gun taught his sons and daughters to live within the laws of the land and a strict m oral code. From their mother they learned to sing and induct up games and to call upon their inner strength. When the civilization was well and truly established, Huan-gun took his wife and became god of the mountain, where he could draw out to oversee his Earth. From high in the Heavens, Huan-an looked down at the handiwork of his son and he was pleased. Works Cited Parrinder, Geoffrey. African Mythology. New York Hamlyn Publishing Group, Ltd. , 196

Anita Roddick (The Body Shop) Essay Example for Free

Anita Roddick (The soundbox keep going) Essay stir profiles and best practices for entrepreneurs Twenty-six years ago the Brighton Evening Argus ran a story on a dispute between two funeral parlour owners who were upset about a new cosmetics boutique which had undecided up next door. It wasnt the nature of the business they were getting hot under the collar about, but its name. They apprehension the green shop front emblazoned with the words Body Shop in gold leaf capability put off prospective customers. They wanted me to change my shop front which I had just worn out(p) 870 of my 4,000 loan on, recalls Roddick. My smart move was to call the Argus and tell them I was being threatened by Mafia undertakers who wanted to close me down. The press loved it. The story of the beleaguered single mum with the house in hock trying to support her two kids with a bootstrapping start-up worked a treat. The small splash made Body Shop a cause celebre, won plenty of local support and won an important booking to get the business off the ground. The anecdote is a small aside, recounted with a chuckle and a current of air of outrage in a long interview. But although the battles got much freeger as Roddick grew her business into the multinational retailer it is today, anyone with even a passing familiarity with the Body Shop story will instantly deal the defining characteristics of its fiery feisty founder in those early days of the business Ethical Anita versus the big bad world.There has never been any compromise in Roddicks views on how business should be through with(p) this is why her husband Gordon was tasked with handling the City suits (they didnt wish well me talking about sexual tension at work) and why she stepped away from the business in 1998 when the shareholders said a campaigning chief executive was not what they wanted for Body Shop. You might think after thirty years of business and the comfort of a healthy shareholding and a wedge of cash in t he bank Roddicks hunger for campaigning might pee-pee diminished. But little has changed since 1976. Her latest venture, a publishing start-up, produces books on ethical matters. It promotes her on the speaking rotary and all the profits going into campaigning. The only difference is now she occupies the position of an icon for women and female entrepreneurs something I dont take lightly And there is still plenty to shout about when it comes to what she sees as an ethical inanity in business today.Suffocation She rails against the suffocation of UK businesses as we outsource to cheaper countries the failure to preserve the inescapably of shareholders in public companies the lack of respect for the responsibility of business to the community at large the current need for women to conform to a male template in order to succeed the lack of credit of the value that employees bring to a business. Being ethical in business is not about broad stuff away Roddick is emphatic about what this means in practice not sandals, beards and group hugs in the boardroom but the adoption of simple moral values. People use the excuse of business to advance their morals at the front door and I dont know how they get away with it.But whoremonger ethical business really fit in with the cut-throat world of today? Her business, she says, is living proof. She describes Body Shop as a great business experiment which is still proving a point you can conduce an entrepreneurial business, provide a return to shareholders while campaigning on ethical issues and placing a elevated value on human capital. Being ethical in business is not about liberal stuff away. Its about your relationship with your employees, its about the aesthetics of the workplace and its about communication, says Roddick. There is no savvy why the workplace tilt be a genuine creative place, why there cant be flexitime, why there cant be transparency and even good manners. If Roddick doesnt sound like a busines s woman its because she has never claimed to be one. She puts her success down to a need for a livelihood and sees herself as the accidental entrepreneur.

Viva Translations Essay Example for Free

Viva Translations EssayFor example, Translators without Borders is listed as partner, together with Viva Translations in Lisbon and Eulogia (currently dead link), on the Eurotexte site. Similarly, the Translators without Borders site features link to Eurotexte on the of import page and, after outlining the throngs services to several human-centered organizations, informs us that many Eurotexte translators and staff volunteer their conviction for these important translation jobs so that translations stinkpot be provided free to humanitarian NGOs.The narrative of Translators without Borders is in like manner structurally incoherent in an other(a) respect, as consequence of its dependence on and overlap with the Eurotexte narrative. Translators without Borders, listed chthonic the glossiness Success Stories on the Eurotexte site, espouse humanitarian and political ideals that be arguably at odds with Eurotexte practices.Lori Thicke, managing handler of Eurotexte and f ounder of Translators Without Borders, addresses these ideals in an undated speech to the Italian Federation of Translation Companies, which she begins with powerful reminder of the atrocities perpetrate in Chechnya, Palestine, and Kosovo. man in Chechnya says, ground-to-ground missile killed my two sons in the market in Grozny. They werent fighters-they were just on that point to buy some jeans. The Palestinian girl who at first is too afraid to talk to the visitors, whispers, dont hypothesise were going to come out of this alive.on forced March to the border mother in Kosovo cries as the soldier takes aim, Not him, hes not pull down 15 Thicke goes on to ask, If theres no money for translations, who will specialise their stories? This is valid question and an admirable call for intervention. Yet at the same time the Eurotexte site proudly lists among its top clients numerous companies that are directly or indirectly implicated in the very atrocities that communities equivalent Translators without Borders are meant to be bringing to our attention.These include General electric automobile, the subject of an intense boycott campaign by various peace groups between 1986 and 1993 because of its involvement in the production and sale of nuclear weapons. As major(ip) U. S. defense contractor, it is now back on the boycott lists of several anti-war groups. Similar criticisms could be leveled at other clients that Eurotexte proudly lists on its site, including Loreal, as well as its subsidiary Lancome.Apart from its dismal record on animal testing, Loreal established Israel as its commercial center in the Middle East in 1995 and in 1998 received Israels Jubilee Award, for organizations who have done most to strengthen the Israeli economy. Loreal is on the boycott lists of various solidarity groups stick up precisely to respond to the kind of fear and oppression opposed by the humanitarian organizations that are served by Translators without Borders.At best, then, Eurotexte/ Translators Without Borders may be accused of taking only superficial interest in the plight of the groups it presumes to defend and of failing to look into the wider context of the tragedies it purports to oppose. At worst Eurotexte knowingly and cynically exploits twain oppressor and oppressed to further its own commercial success. In Fishers framework, fidelity ultimately ranks higher than coherence. Structural incoherency of the type outlined above in the narrative of Translators Without Borders can in principle be explained and even justified from the perspective of narrative fidelity.Narrative fidelity, as explained earlier, allows us to test story in coincidence to its reasons as well as the values it promotes In terms of reasons, one could argue that Eurotexte has not belie its links with Translators without Borders and has not sought to mislead by omitting facts about how the two organizations relate to each other. Eurotexte can only gain by i ts links with Translators without Borders thus, the reasons for its particular narrative being what it is is logical and justified.For Eurotexte, doing good comes at price the ability to use Translators Without Borders as selling point at the same time as keeping its own operation focused on making money ensures that translators without borders can continue to roll in the hay stable platform at the same time that Eurotexte can continue its associations with clients like General Electric and Loreal. In her speech cited above, Thicke explicitly maintains this duality, stating, Im sure dont have to convince you of the importance of humanitarian work. If you didnt believe in it, you wouldnt be here today.But were in business. We all need to make money. right(a) works are often luxury we cant afford. or can us? The great word of honor have for you today is that good works not only help the world they can also be good for business. Much as believe in good works, Im businesswoma n, through with(predicate) and through Apart from indirectly securing financial basis for its activities by promoting its sponsor as responsible agency, however, it is not obvious how the aims of Translators Without Borders are served by being commoditized to enhance the image of Eurotexte.It is this element of the commoditization of the humanitarian work of the group that undermines the narrative of Translators without Borders, particularly in light of Fishers fidelity principles. Here, we ask what kind of worldview is promoted by the narrative under examination and what cultural values it directly or indirectly gives credence to.

Branding Essay Example for Free

Branding EssayCase guinea pig 1 Transaction price in a recessionary economy Our client is an FMCG major that sells its products across many large and small retail merchants. The client is veneer pressure from one such large retailer to cut prices across pocks and categories. The client is therefore losing currency on several products. Our client would like to use analytics to bring in some science into the pricing decision. Our epitome should help the client decide what pricing strategies should be applied to each product. How would you approach this analysis?The data available is weekly price and volume data for all client brands at the retailer for a period of 2 years.Case Study 2 Managing extreme seasonality Our brand is a spicy end lifestyle brand, famous globally. They however, face an issue of seasonal gross sales, with over 60% of their sales advent in the holiday period. They would like to understand how best to ensure sales in non seasonal periods as well and m ake the sales curve more even. Data available includes volume and values sales and usage and attitude studies.Case Study 3 NPD (own label) at a supermarket chain A direct supermarket chain wants to expand its limited portfolio of RTE food products. Transaction data for the past 1 year is available. How would you go roughly understanding the type of products to be introduced? What is the launch strategy for the products chosen?Case Study 4 Acquisition vs New product development A food major in the market with no chips brand in its portfolio. A decision has been made at the board level to either conduct an existing brand or launch a new one in this space. You are in charge of implementing this. 1. How will you take the decision on acquisition vs. new product development? Which rhythmic pattern would you evaluate, what analysis would you perform what data would you require? 2. If you decide to acquire a brand, how would you choose among the existing brands? What info do you requi re on each brand to make this call? a. Any intangible factors that would solve your valuation of existing brands? In case you decide to launch a new brand, how would you go about it? How would you decide the desired new brand characteristics and the associated marketing mix?Case Study 5 Analyzing brand performance A chips brand has recently been launched, but its performance has not been too good. The large promotional investments put in have not yielded lasting returns. You are told to investigate whats wrong with the brand. 1. What data would you request to complete your investigation in this case? 2. Can you talk about your analysis roadmap in this scenario? What possible corrective actions would you suggest (you are free to make relevant assumptions on the diagnosing)?Case Study 6 Heritage brand with stagnating growth A very old chips brand (kind of like a heritage brand) is faced with stagnating growth. It continues to perform reasonably well on key equity parameters, and ther e is no decline compared to previous years. 1. How do you read the situation? What data would you require to make an accurate diagnosis of the issue? What are the potential corrective actions you would suggest? How would you decide between the various options?

From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Essay Example for Free

From trade pleat to kindred trade EssayThis report discusses how the grocery shamble management paradigm has dominated the marketplace thought, research and modelling since it was introduced al virtually 40 years ago, but today stark naked merchandising approachinges atomic number 18 being introduced and used. The globoseization of business and the evolving recognition of the importance of customer retention and market economies and of customer kin economics, among other tr eat ups, beef up the change in mainstream trade. merchandise MixThe landmark selling ruffle is be wish one of the most famous trade terms used by millions of slew. Its elements ar kn own as the Four Ps, which ar price, place, product, and advance. These quartette variables argon the variables that selling managers can control in order to best satisfy customers in the head market. Figure 1 selling Mix Model 4Ps Marketing the steering most textbooks breed it today was introduce d around 1960. The conceit of the trade ruffle and the Four Ps of trade product, price, place and promotion entered the trade textbooks at that time.Quickly they withal became treated as the unchallenged basic model of trade, so totally overpowering previous models and approaches, such(prenominal) as, for example, the organic functionalist approach advocated by Wroe Alderson as well as other systems-oriented approaches and parameter theory developed by the Copenhagen School in Europe that these are scantily remembered, scour with a foot none in most textbooks of today. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The trade mixing refers to variables that a merchandise manager can control to influence a brands sales or market share.Traditionally, these variables are summarized as the Four Ps of merchandising product, price, promotion, and place (i. e. , distribution). Product refers to aspects such as the unswervings portfolio of products, the newness of those products, their differentiation from competitors, or their superiority to rivals products in terms of quality. Promotion refers to advertising, detailing, or informative sales promotions such as features and displays. Price refers to the products list price or any incentive sales promotion such as quantity discounts, temporary price switch offs, or deals.Place refers to deli genuinely of the product measured by variables such as distribution, availability, and shelf space. The 4Ps model is comely one of many marketing mix lists that keep up been developed over the years. And, whilst the questions we demand listed above are keys, they are just a subset of the detailed probing that may be required to optimize your marketing mix. Amongst the other marketing mix models have been developed over the years is the 7Ps, sometimes called the extended marketing mix, which take on the first 4 Ps, plus people, processes and physical layout decisions.Another marketing mix approac h is Lauterborns 4Cs, which presents the elements of the marketing mix from the profaneers, rather than the sellers, perspective. It is made up of Customer withdraws and wants (the equivalent of product), Cost (price), Convenience (place) and parley (promotion). Cultural policies to promote diversity of cultural expressions today must deal with numerous factors and needs, some of which connect the right of all groups to their forms of expression, and others strictly with business feasibility and the possibility of marketing on a global scale.These different factors may be demanding to reconcile but they are complementary as no(prenominal) can survive and be managed without referring to or involving the other. From the perspective of production development, it is frequently stated that cultural expressions need to find their market in order to survive, but it is also the case that the sacrificing of cultural content with superficial market cherish lowers the value of cultura l production overall.From the perspective of rights to and processes of identity construction, culture generates services that cannot be governed exclusively by the market, especially in view of the marginality of subaltern groups. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to think of cultural practices and consumption today without involving the market in some way. For marketers in the cultural industry it is important to observe the factors influencing consumers purchasing. Cultural factors are essentially important in selection of the two elements of place and product. For example, someone brought p in an environment that set art would be more likely to buy artistic products. in time it may be important get wording customers in terms of their sub-culture. One may be surrounded by people who not only value art but place a higher anteriority on paintings as opposed to the music. As a result, they will be more likely to buy paintings rather than musical instrument. Pricing the arti stic products and activities should also follow a logic trend. This practice may be done through some standards set among artists of the same class or by the very artist creator of his work.In general, as it can be seen, due(p) to the difference. (Shahhosseini Ardahaey, 2011) The Four Ps of the marketing mix became an indisputable paradigm in academic research, the validity of which was taken for granted. For most marketing researchers in large parts of the academic world it seems to remain the marketing truth even today. The Four Ps of the marketing mix had been even referred to as the holy quadrupleof the marketing faith written in tablets of stone. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994)The marketer plans various government agency of competition and blends them into a marketing mix so that a pro admit function is optimized, or rather satisfied. The marketing mix, concept was introduced by Neil Borden in the 1950s, and the mix of different means of competitio ns was soon labeled the Four Ps. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Any marketing paradigm should be well set to fulfill the marketing concept, i. e. the caprice that the firm is best off by designing and directing its activities harmonise to the needs and desires of customers in chosen target markets. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) American Marketing Association, in its most recent definition states that marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchange and satisfy several(prenominal) and organizational objectives (emphasis added) (Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The trouble with the Marketing Mix One can easily argue that the quad Ps of the marketing mix are not well able to fulfill the requirements of the marketing concept.As Dixon and Blois put it, thence i t would not be unfair to suggest that far from being concerned with a customers interests (i. e. someone for whom something is done) the views implicit in the Four P approach is that the customer is somebody to whom something is done (emphasis added) . To use a marketing metaphor, the marketing mix and its cardinal Ps constitute a production-oriented definition of marketing, and not a market-oriented or customer oriented one. Moreover, although the interactive nature of the Ps is recognized, the model itself does not explicitly include any interactive elements.Furthermore, it does not indicate the nature and scope of such interactions. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Van Waterschoot and Van den Bulte recognize three flaws in the Four P model * The properties or characteristics that are the basis for classification have not been identified. * The categories are not mutually exclusive. * Thither is a catch-all subcategory that is continually growing . Man y marketing-related phenomena are not included. Moreover, as Johan Arndt has concluded, marketing research remains condition in scope and even myopic, and methodological issues become more important than substance matters. Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The Nature of the Marketing Mix The advantage of the Four Ps as a general marketing theory for practical purposes is, to say the least, extremely questionable. Originally, although they were largely based on empirical induction and earlier lists of marketing functions of the functional school of marketing, they were probably developed under the influence of microeconomic theory and specially the theory of monopolistic competition of the 1930s, in order to add more realism to that theory. However, very soon the connection to microeconomic theory was cut off and subsequently totally forgotten. Theoretically, the marketing mix became just a list of Ps without roots. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Managing the marketing mix asks marketing seem too easy to handle and organize.Marketing is separated from other activities of the firm and delegated to specialists who take care of the analysis, planning and implementation of various marketing tasks, such as market analysis, marketing planning, advertising, sales promotion, sales, pricing, distribution and product packaging. Marketing departments are created to take function for the marketing function of the firm, The marketing department approach to organizing the marketing function has isolated marketing from design, production, deliveries, practiced service, complaints handling, invoicing and other activities of the firm.As a consequence, the rest of the organization has been alienated from marketing. Therefore, it has made it difficult, often even impossible, to give marketing into the integrative function that would provide other departments with the market-relate d input needed in order to make the organization truly market oriented and reach a stage of co-ordinated marketing the marketing specialists create in a marketing department may get alienated from the customers.Managing the marketing mix means relying on mass marketing. Customers become numbers for the marketing specialists, whose actions, therefore, typically are based on come near training obtained from market research reports and market share statistics. Frequently such marketers act without ever having encountered a real customer. The marketing department concept is obsolete and has to be replaced by some other way of organizing the marketing function, so that the organization will have a chance to become market-oriented.A handed-down marketing department will always, in the final analysis, stand in the way of spreading market orientation. The use of the marketing mix management paradigm and the Four Ps has made it very difficult for the marketing function to earn credibilit y. Some firms have solved this problem not only by downscaling or altogether terminating their marketing departments but also by banning the use of the term marketing for the marketing function. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) What is the History of the Marketing Mix?A paradigm like this has to be well founded by theoretical deduction and empirical research otherwise much of marketing research is based on a loose foundation and the results of it questionable. Let us look at the history of the marketing mix paradigm and the four Ps. The marketing mix developed from a notion of the marketer as a mixer of ingredients, which was an expression pilot programly used by James Culliton (1948) in a study of marketing costs in 1947 and 1948. The marketer plans various means of competitions and blends them into a marketing mix, so that a profit function is optimized, or rather satisfied.The marketing mix is actually a list of categories of marketing variables, and to begin with, this way of defining or describing a phenomenon can never be considered a very valid one. A list never includes all relevant elements, it does not fit every situation, and it becomes obsolete. And indeed, marketing academics every now and then offer surplus Ps to the list, once they have found the standard tablet of faith too limited. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Kotler has, in the linguistic context of megamarketing, added public relations and politics, thus expanding the list to six Ps.In service marketing. Booms and Bitner (1982) have suggested three additional Ps, people, physical evidence and process. Judd (1987) among others, has argued for just one new P, people. Advocators of the marketing mix paradigm sometimes have suggested that service should be added to the list of Ps (e. g. Lambert and Harrington 1989 and Collier 1991). J It is, by the way, interesting to ceremonial occasion that after the four Ps were definitely canonized s ometime in the early seventies new items to the list are almost exclusively put in the form of PsIt is also noted that Bordens original marketing mix included 12 elements, and that this list was not intended to be a definition at all. Borden considered it guidelines only, which the marketer probably would have to reconsider in any given situation. In line with the mixer of ingredients metaphor he also implied that the marketer would blend the various ingredients or variables of the mix into an integrated marketing program. This is a fact that advocators of the four Ps (or five, six, seven or more Ps) and of todays marketing mix approach seem to have totally forgotten.In fact, the four Ps represent a significant oversimplification of Bordens original concept. McCarthy either misunderstood the meaning of Bordens marketing mix when he reformulated the original list in the shape of the rigid mnemonic of the four Ps where no blending of the Ps is explicitly included or his followers mis interpreted McCarthys intentions. In many marketing textbooks organized around the marketing mix, such as Philip Kotlers well-known Marketing Management (e. g. 991), the blending aspect and the need for integration of the four Ps are discussed, even in depth, but such discussions are always limited due to the fact that the model does not explicitly include an integrative dimension. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) contemporaneous Theories of Marketing In most marketing textbooks the marketing mix management paradigm and its Four Ps are still considered the theory of marketing. Indeed, this is the case in much of the academic research into marketing however, since the mid-sixties alternative theories of marketing have been developed.As Moller observes in a recent overview of research traditions in marketing, from the functional view of marketing mix management our focus has extended to the strategic role of marketing, aspects of service marketing, policy-m aking dimensions of channel management, interactions in industrial networks to mention just a few evolving trends. The interaction/network approach to industrial marketing was originated in Sweden at Uppsala University during the 1960s and has since spread to a large number of countries. amid the parties in a network various interactions take place, where exchanges and adaptations to each other occur. A flow of goods and information as well as financial and social exchanges takes place in the network. In such a network the role and forms of marketing are not very clear. All exchanges, all sorts of interactions have an wallop on the position of the parties in the network. The interactions are not necessarily initiated by the seller the marketer according to the marketing mix management paradigm and they may come about over a long expiration of time, for example, for several years.The seller, who at the same time may be the buyer in a joint setting, may of course employ marketin g specialists, such as sales representatives, market communication people and market analysts but in addition to them a large number of persons in functions which according to the marketing mix management paradigm are non-marketing, such as research and development, design, deliveries, customer training, invoicing and credit management, has a decisive impact on the marketing success of the seller in the network.In the early 1970s the marketing of services started to emerge as a separate area of marketing with concepts and models of its own geared to typical characteristics of services. In Scandinavia and Finland the Nordic School of Services more than research into this field elsewhere looked at the marketing of services as something that cannot be separated from overall management. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The newly Approaches and the Marketing MixThe interaction and network approach of industrial marketing and modern service marketing approaches , especially the one by the Nordic School, clearly views marketing as an interactive process in a social context where relationship building and management is a vital cornerstone. They are in some respects clearly related to the systems-based approaches to marketing of the 1950s (compare, for example, Alderson 1957). The marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps, on the other hand, is a much more clinical approach, which makes the seller the active part and the buyer and consumer passive.No personalized relationship with the producer and marketer of a product is supposed to exist, other than with master copy sales representatives in some case. The development of innovative theories, models and concepts of industrial marketing (interaction/network approach) and service marketing has clearly demonstrated that the marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps finally have reached the end of the road as the universal marketing theory. From a management point of view the four Ps, undoubtedly, may have been face-saving. The use of various means of competition became more organized.However, the four Ps were never relevant to all markets and to all types of marketing situations. The development of alternative marketing theories discussed above demonstrate that even from a management perspective, the marketing mix and its four Ps became a problem. Their pedagogic elegance and deceiving sense of simple mindedness made practical marketing management look all too clinical and straightforward even for actors in the consumer packaged goods field where they were originally intended to be used. Consumer goods amounts to a considerable business, and there the four Ps could still fulfill a function.However, many of the customer relationships of manufacturers of consumer goods are industrial-type relationships with wholesalers and retailers, and the retailers of consumer goods more and more consider themselves service providers. In such situations the four Ps have less to offer even i n the consumer goods field. Moreover, as far as the marketing of consumer goods from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumers is concerned, there is a growing pass on whether one can continue to apply marketing in the traditional mass marketing way. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The Future The Relationship Marketing Concept In the relationship marketing concept to be presented here the core variables are relationships, networks and interaction. The choice is not arbitrary these variables recurrently emerge in the new marketing theories that have challenged the reigning marketing management paradigm during the past twenty-five years. These variables are not new they were there thousands of years ago and they present themselves here and now. They will be here in the future, no matter if they are represented by relationship marketing or something else. They are part of society. In fact, society is nothing less than a network of relationships within which we interact, and marketing is a dimension of society. Research and education in business have only recently begun to acknowledge the public of relationships, but have not as yet understood their omnipresence and deep impact on marketing. Although it is encouraging that relationships have been made visible and that the interest in them is soaring, major problems follow.One is that those who start to look and implement relationship marketing techniques are often not sufficiently familiar with the foundations of relationship marketing, its paradigm. Furthermore, relationship marketing is put under siege by the traditional marketing management paradigm, and the techniques used in relationship marketing implementation are often more grounded in marketing management values than in relationship marketing values. (Gummesson, 2002)An integral element of the relationship marketing approach is the promise concept, which has been strongly emphasized by Henrik Calonius According to him the r esponsibilities of marketing do not only, or predominantly, including giving promises and thus persuading customers as passive counterparts on the marketplace to act in a given way. Fulfilling promises that have been given is every bit important as means of achieving customer satisfaction, retention of the customer base and long-term profitability (compare also Reichheld and Sasser).He also stresses the fact that promises are mutually given and fulfilled. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Relationship Marketing There are many definitions of relationship marketing, most of them stressing the development and maintenance of long term relationships with customers and sometimes with other stakeholders. Total relationship marketing is marketing based on relationships, networks and interaction, recognizing that marketing is introduce in the total management of the networks of the selling organization, the market and society.It is directed to long term win-win rela tionships with individual customers, and value is jointly created between the parties involved. It transcends the boundaries between specialist functions and disciplines. Total relationship marketing embraces not just the supplier-customer gallus as does one-to-one marketing and CRM (customer relationship management) but also relationships to a suppliers own suppliers, to competitors and to middlemen these are all market relationships. (Gummesson, 2002) Is There a Paradigm Shift in Marketing? Relationships do not function by themselves.As McInnes said already three decades ago, the existence of a market relation is the foundation of exchange not a substitute for it. Only in extreme situations, for example when the computer systems of a buyer and a materials provider are connected to each other in order to initiate and execute purchase decisions automatically, the relationship, at least for some time, may function by itself. In such situations one comes close to what Johan rndt call ed domesticated markets, where transactionsare usually handled by administrative processes on the basis of negotiated rules of exchange.Normally, advertising, distribution and product branding, for example, will still be needed, but on with a host of other activities and resources. (Gummesson, 2002) However, what marketing deserves is new perspectives, which are more market-oriented and less manipulative, and where the customer indeed is the focal point as suggested by the marketing concept. Conclusion Marketing mix as a general perspective evolved because at one time it was an effective way of describing and managing many marketing situations. forward the marketing mix there were other approaches. Now time has made this approach less helpful other than in specific situations. New paradigms have to come. After all, we live in the 1990s, and we cannot for ever continue to live with a paradigm from the 1950s and 1960s. However, bearing in mind the long-term damages of the marketing m ix as the universal truth, we are going to need several approaches or paradigms Relationship marketing will be one of them.

Explain why Gatsby is considered a romantic Essay Example for Free

Explain why Gatsby is considered a romantic probeAlthough F. Scott Fitzgeralds new, The Great Gatsby, is told from the point of view of Nick Carraway, who was one of its primary(prenominal) characters and the first character introduced, it belt up mainly revolves around the story of Jay Gatsby and his romantic pursuit of Daisy Buchanan, the only woman he ever loved. go the novel initially focuses on the status of America and the morally perverted characteristics of the wealthy people in Long Island, it also emphasizes Gatsbys quest to win back Daisy at all costs after the two separated when he participated in World War I. This is also why Gatsby can be considered a highly romantic character in the novel despite the fact that the story is non told from his perspective. In general, Gatsbys romantic pursuit of Daisy is depicted byout the novel except for its early chapters because he was first fully introduced near middle part of the story. Possibly the first point in the nov el wherein his romantic character is illustrated was when Nick discovered from his friend, Jordan Baker, that Gatsby has been throwing massive and lavish parties every week in the intrust that Daisy will visit.This was also the point where Nick, who was also the narrator and the person who documented the events of his companions, discovered Gatsbys past and how he got separated from Daisy as a soldier. It is also revealed later on in the novel that Gatsby stack away massive wealth for the sole purpose of impressing Daisy and convincing her that she would be well-provided with him. He also bought his house on the same area where Daisy lives in graze to be close her and monitor her.In fact, when Gatsby was still a soldier and was not yet rich, he lied to Daisy about his social status in order to show her that he was good for her and to persuade her to wait for his return from the battlefield. However, Daisy married turkey cock Buchanan, her present husband, which fundamentally ig nited the chain of events that led to Gatsbys relentless pursuit of Daisy. In other words, all of Gatsbys actions mentioned above only show that he would do anything for his love.This was further accentuated when it was shown in the novel that Gatsby acquired his wealth through illegal activities and through participation in organized crime such as unlawful dispersion of alcohol and stolen goods. Meaning to say, no matter what the means and the costs were, Gatsby would do anything for Daisy, which only proves that he is a romantic. Another important highlight of Gatsbys romantic pursuit is his reunion with Daisy which was arranged by Nick. It was during this quantify that Gatsbys passion and love towards her were more vividly revealed.Moreover, it again showed how Gatsby would do anything just to see Daisy and be reunited with her because even to the point of asking Nick, whom he has known for only a short time, to arrange such a meeting. When Gatsby and Daisy started a secret af fair, he did not care about the risks such as Tom finding out because it was only Daisy he cared about. Thus, it can also be deduced that Gatsby was selfish because all of his actions were say for the sole purpose of being with the one he loves.But being selfish is usually the encase among romantic people because it is in their nature to do everything in their power for the object of their love. However, possibly the main highlight of Gatsbys love for Daisy was when he sacrificed his life in order to save her from possible tally and humiliation. This is shown when the car that Daisy and Gatsby were in accidentally hits and kills Myrtle Wilson, who has a secret love affair with Tom. In the ensue events, Gatsby takes the blame for cleansing Myrtle even though it was Daisy who was driving the car.He also refuses to leave townspeople when Nick asks him to do so. As a result, George, Myrtles husband, shoots and kills Gatsby in his rage before killing himself. In short, Gatsbys sacri fice best exemplified his love for Daisy and punctuated the fact that he is a romantic character. He basically epitomizes a romantic who would do anything, even at the cost of his of his own life, just to enthrall the one he loves.References Fitzgerald, F. S. (2007). The Great Gatsby. USA Penguin Books.

Terminal Velocity in a Parachute

Terminal Velocity in a ParachuteThe aim of this try out was to t individu entirelyy how several federal agents like the continuance of the mountain chain, plenty of the intent hung to the plunk and aggrandisement of discharge affect the final stage swiftness in a spring. When we would throw the jump from a certain big top it allow accele lay out and allowing continue to amplification until a imbibe ability acts on it causing the accele dimensionn to decrease. There allow be a arcdegree of meter when the skip over accelerates at a aeonian further ( blow beat back equal to weight of the object). So in tell to find this incessant acceleration the research was divided into three unalike experiments. The three work outs I was investigating were the hatful, distance and height of drop of the jump-start where in for each wholeness experiment one unsettled was being changed.I hypothesized in the graduation experiment that a heavy object provide be to a greater extent(prenominal) disposed to arrive at remainder upper because it will travel solider and achieve a greater speed and this hypothesis was correct. With the second experiment when the length of the soak up was changed I had bit of problems because it was sullen to get the object hung to the pass over when the length was small as it constantly got loosened. In the third and utmost experiment I predicted that a smaller height will have a greater speed because of which it will experience a greater force and thusly ending hurrying will be reached and this assumption was correct. The measured heights though were non very accurate because I dropped the leap out in an open area under diverse various heights.Wind played a huge consumption in affecting some of the trials and I had to perform the experiment many beats in order for the airwavemanship ohmic resistance force be equal to the gravitational force.CONTENTSCOVER PAGE1ABSTRACT2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CONTE NTS PAGE3BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE4HYPOTHESIS5EXPEIRMENTAL DESIGN6EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE7VARIABLES8DATA COLLECTION EXPERIMENT 19EXPERIMENT 210 11EXPERIMENT12 13FURTHER military rating14ERRORS15IMPROVEMENTS AND CONCLUSION16BIBLIOGRAPHY17INTRODUCTIONBackground KnowledgeI everlastingly have wondered how the military men used skydiving to intrude behind enemy lines and conduct various missions. After doing a bit of research I found out that Military skydivers are deployed from a large aircraft or at cartridge clips from a helicopter in order to do their various(prenominal) jobs which are mostly in the form of missions. They carry more gear thus the normal skydivers, deflection from the pass over they carry additional equipments like oxygen tank, weapons and other equipments which are needed for their missions so this becomes more challenging for these daredevils. So factors like ken of the skydiver, equipment they carry and the dig up area1or height by which they settle from will affect the speed at which the travel. It would be hence interesting to design an experiment to see how these factors affect the destination speeding of a parachute.Terminal Velocity occurs during free fall2when a falling body experiences cypher acceleration that is when at that place is no acceleration in the parachute. It varies directly with the ratio of drag to weight. Terminal stop number reaches when the force of soberness3acting on the object is equal to the air resistance or viscous force of air on the body. Air resistance4is a study factor contributing in a falling object to reach terminal stop number as it can easily contribute to the speed at which the body falls.HYPOTHESISA formula was derived by Sir Isaac Newton for one of the force considered in our experiment, air resistanceFg =Where, Fg = Force in NewtonsG = 6.67 - 10 -11M1 = Mass 1 in KilogramsM2 = Mass 2 in kilogramsr = Distance between m1 and m2 When the parachute will be falling down thither will be an ac celeration of 9.8 ms-2 independent of the factors in the parachute. Terminal velocity wont always be the same it will be variant for different variables.My hypothesis is that a heavier object will have a greater terminal velocity than a light one. For an object to experience terminal velocity, air resistance must balance weight. When the force of gravity is equal to the air resistance the object will travel at a constant velocity (newtons first law) so in the case of a heavy object the force of air resistance in the atmosphere will cause the body to decelerate5. A light object wont be able to equal resistance the way a heavy object will like the weight, surface area too has a great burden on a parachute stint zero acceleration. The surface area is the height at which the parachute is falling down. If the object falls from a smaller height the time for it to touch the ground will be less and henceforth a greater terminal velocity is likely to be seenThe third factor which I am p ickings in to consideration is the length of the delineate of the parachute. jibe to me the best string length will be the longest length since it allows the parachute to be more stable. As the parachute will be more stable the velocity will increase and hence in that respect will be less time taken for the parachute to reach terminal velocity.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNThe main aim of the essay is to see how various factors affect the terminal velocity of a parachute. In general there are many factors affecting the terminal velocity of a parachute like the air pressure6, drop time, canopy area, size of the apex vent, number of length of thread and canopy shape. But according to me the most key factors that play a vital role in the speed at which the parachute descents7are the mass of the object in the parachute, surface area ( vizor of drop) and the length of the string. As discussed above these factors are the main ones when a parachute descents, be it a small object, military men or a parachutist. One factor may be prone to reach zero acceleration at a faster rate than the other so in my experiment I will be seeing how these factors affect the parachute reaching a terminal velocity.To see how various factors affect the parachute in reaching zero acceleration three different experiments will be performed. The amount of time taken for each of the parachute to hit the ground will be calculated and one variable in each of the experiment will be changed. The parachute will be made out of a gar smashere bag of 60 by 84 inch size. Then a big circle will be cut out of the bag of which four holes will be made and then the string will pass through each of the holes and will be stuck by glue. All the four strings will be made into one by attaching a small ribbon onto it and the length of each the strings will be about 80 cm. After the parachute is the three experiments will be performed and after it we will be able to determine when the parachute will travel at a constan t speed in order to reach terminal velocity. In each of the experiments there will be two controlled and one independent variable and will see how these variables affect the others.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREFor the first experiment the height from which the parachute is being dropped will be unbroken constant and the length of the string in the parachute will remain the same. The factor that is being changed here is the weight of the object. Two different masses one of 50 and the other of 100 grams will be used and they will be hanged to the parachute one after the other in order to see which one is more prone to reach constant acceleration and they will be dropped many a times till I achieve accurate yields. Time will be calculated here to see the speed at which the parachute reaches the ground when the mass is 50 and 100 grams. The weights will be measured by move each of the masses on to a balance on by one.In the second experiment the length of the string will be kept as constant but the other factor that is kept constant here is the mass of the object. The mass of the object will be a constant 50 grams and using this amount of weight will make it easier for the parachute to reach zero acceleration. The height at which the parachute is being dropped will be changed in this experiment. I will start from a height of say 280 cm and will go up to 350 and see the time at which the parachute hits the ground in each of the case.In the third and final experiment the height of drop will remain the same (540cm) and again the weight of the object will be kept constant, the mass will be 50g. With the same parachute with the constant variables mentioned in these experiment strings of different length 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and 30cm will be attached. The parachute will be then dropped by 540cm in all the cases so that the parachute reaches terminal velocity. By this the variations in time will be known and hence we will be able to come to a conclusion. We will have to try our level best to avoid outside force like wind to affect the experiment.VARIABLES tasteNumberIndependent variable quantityDependent VariableControlled Variable1Mass of the objectTerminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reached.Surface area and the length of the string. They are the other two factors taken into consideration for the object reaching terminal velocity.2Height of drop of the parachuteTerminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reachedMass and the length of the string in the parachute will be the same in this experiment and they are the two factors taken into consideration.3 aloofness of the stringTerminal Velocity and the time elapsed until terminal velocity is reached.Mass and Surface area are kept constant in experience three. This time the Mass and Surface area wont be altered.DATA COLLECTION try out 1In the first experiment the independent variable is the mass of the object hung to the parachute. The controll ed variables are the height of drop and length of the stringHeight of drop of the parachute = 540 cmLength of the string is 80cm disapprove 1 (50g)TrialsTime(0.1s)16.5227.4636.3848.3657.9467.8176.6387.32 reject 2 (100g)TrialsTime(0.1s)14.3223.2133.9743.7354.1864.3573.3684.57Experiment 2In the second experiment the independent variable is the height of drop, it is being changed and the factor that is kept constant is the length of the string and the mass of the object used.Length of the string 80cmMass of the object 50gHeight of Drop (0.05cm)Time(0.1s)AverageTrial 1Trial 2Time(0.1s)2800.890.740.822900.981.171.013001.391.271.333101.341.561.453201.711.821.773302.032.112.073402.342.492.423502.722.772.75After plotting the datas with appropriate erroneous belief bars and the line of best fit I found out that as the height of drop increases the time for the parachute to fall down increases. When you drop the parachute from a height of above 325 m then the parachute will be more prone to reach terminal velocity. When the parachute was falling down the drag force increased with increase in terminal velocity. It reaches a maximum velocity when the drag force equals the driving force. From a height of 280 to 310 m the parachute fell at a very fast rate (0.5 1.0 s) because of which constant velocity wasnt reached. Also noticed in this graph was that there is constant acceleration at a height od 330 cm which shows us that terminal velocity has been reached.Experiment 3For the third and final experiment the factor that is being changed is the length of the string. This time the mass of the object and height of drop is kept as the controlled variables.Mass of the object 50gHeight of drop 540cmTrialsLength of the string (0.05cm)Time (0.1s)1807.212706.393605.854505.775404.326303.97After plotting the graph for the third experiment where the length of string in the parachute was changed I found out that when there was a decrease in the length of the string then the time f or the parachute to fall down also decreased. This means that a weeklong string will be more prone to terminal velocity. When the length of the string decreased then the air resistance increased due to the increase in length which resulted in the parachute to fall down at a constant velocity. For a string of length of more than 50 cm terminal velocity will be reached at a faster rate. In this experiment also constant acceleration is seen at higher lengths of around 65 to 80cmFURTHER EVALUATIONIn each of the experiments we can now successfully say that terminal velocity was there at some point or the other. The question posed how factors like the surface area, mass of the object and length of the string affects the parachute in reaching a terminal velocity and we can say that all of these factors have an effect in reaching zero acceleration. When the length of the string was greater than terminal velocity was seen very speedy and when you would increase the height of drop of the p arachute also terminal velocity will be successfully reached. The air resistance depends on the height of drop and the speed at which the parachute travels. But as the height of drop, length of the string and mass of the object was not big with greater values there was a lower terminal velocity seen.In the first experiment we noticed that speed changes as we change the mass of the object. So we can say that terminal velocity is affected when we change the weight. According to Newtons Second law, the force of gravity is proportional to mass under free fall.So, F = mg where g is the acceleration due to gravity directed downwardsWhen terminal velocity is reached mg = drag force of the objectIf we assume this drag force to be the same, when the mass of the object increases then terminal velocity also increases to correspond to the increase in force. In the experiment when the mass of the object hanged to the parachute was more the terminal velocity was reached at a faster rate than obje ct with a lighter mass because in this case the drag force of the object equaled mg more quickly. But one occasion noticed in this experiment was that the parachute traveled at a faster rate not only because of the weight but also due to the surface area. The object with mass 50 grams had a greater surface area due to which the terminal velocity resulted to be low. When the weight of 100g was measured the surface area was comparatively low due to which the terminal velocity was higher. The greater weight increases the terminal velocity by acting as an extra force against gravity and air resistance.In the case of different heights we noticed that when we increase the height of drop then naturally the speed would increase and hence terminal velocity would be reached. For the experiment I performed, the last trial when the parachute was dropped at a height of 350 m the recorded time was 2.75 seconds. At a time of approx. 1.80 seconds terminal velocity was reached because as mentioned above this was the time when the drag force was equal to mg. However as the height gets lower the terminal velocity would decrease. Under gravity an object falls at a rate of 9.8 m/s2 which tells us that per second that the parachute falls its velocity increases by 9.8 m/s2. When the parachute is falling form a higher distance(350m) it will have more time to speed up which will result in a higher terminal velocity.It was clear that when the best length string was that of 80cm. The larger the size of the length of the string was the greater was drag force and hence faster it equaled the other forces. When the string had a greater length the parachute was more spread out. The open parachute lets the air resistance to increase. If the length of the strings are short then less air will enter the parachute which would lower the parachutes drag force or resistanceERRORSIn each of the experiments there were difficulties faced and one of the main ones was the force of wind. For some of the readings taken the wind speed increased so much that it changed the direction of the parachute. Even though direction does not have any effect on a parachute reaching terminal velocity most of the times but at some cases this change of direction can increase or decrease the speed of the parachute. In one of the readings taken for the change in the length of the string the parachute at the beginning travelled at a decent treat but all of a sudden it changed directions and was falling down vertically. This case happened when the length of the string was short (30cm) also in one of the readings taken for the same experiment of length 40cm the parachute collapsed in no time. Another bar that was encountered in all of the experiments was that the region of drop of the parachutes (540cm) there was a lot of wind because of which the parachutes would get winded away at times resulting a significant error in some of the readings taken.There were a few human errors in the experiment for exa mple the height of drop was not constant for the experiments. For each of the readings we took a rough value after first measuring what 540cm was. This could result in the time sacking a few seconds up or down. These changes dint allows the calculations to be accurate for the average velocity.Another error I encountered was the mass of the object hung to the parachute. I assumed the mass of 100 grams to be a true(p) one for this experiment but instead it increases the acceleration of the parachute which dint allow the parachute to open well so to create and upward force and hence reach terminal velocity.When the parachutes length was 30 and 40 cm terminal velocity was not reached because the parachute reached the ground before so the air resistance was not there.IMPROVEMENTSWe could improve on the results by performing the experiment when there was very less wind as that would not then affect the height of drop (540cm). Another thing we could do is that of adding nets to the parac hute in order to see how much of air is blocked in the material which affects the velocity at which the parachute travels. This results in the experiment to be more precise as only the part when the parachute reaches terminal velocity will be measured. I could perform the experiment at various high lengths which would result in more readings where terminal velocity will be reached because when the length of the string was 30 and 40cm there was no constant acceleration sees as the parachute hit the ground as a fast rate.CONCLUSIONThe aim of the experiment was to see how various factors affect the terminal velocity of a parachute and my results were such that the heavier mass, larger length and greater height were more prone to reach terminal velocity. The graph had constant acceleration toward the higher region which proved our hypothesis. In each of the experiments when drag force equaled mg at a faster rate, there was constant acceleration seen quickly.But we should know that in v eracity terminal velocity is not very well defined because external factors such as air density, constant gravity and wind keep changing with time and will have an effect on the experiments we perform. For example in the experiment where the height of drop was changed the factors mentioned above will change with height due to which the terminal velocity also changes.More or less the results obtained were quite accurate and has a good scope for others to keep researching on this topic